Tuesday, February 11, 2020

Discrimination against people with Multiple Sclerosis

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Do Americans Discriminate Against


People with Multiple Sclerosis?


Kevin is a quiet man who has known he has multiple sclerosis (MS) for six years. He hasnt told anyone.[Kevin explains] "I went to a doctor because I had a serious fall. He decided to run some tests and a week later he told me that I have MS. No one can tell when they look at me. Ive learned how to cover losing my balance. Im only thirty-two. Im not going to tell anyone because they might think I cant do my job. Im sure not going to tell any woman I want to date. Whats she going to thinkIm a cripple?" (qtd. in "Disclosure")This story is a prime example of what people who have MS live with every day of their lives.Kevin's initial reactionwas not concern for his health or well-being, but the kind of discrimination he would now have to face because of this devastating disease.People with MS are discriminated against in several aspects of life.


According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) Web page, MS is a disease that affects the brain and the spinal cord.When a person has MS the tissue called myelin which protects the nerves are damaged.The damage to the myelin is called "sclerosis," commonly known as scar tissue, and "multiple" means many.These scars impair the activity of the nerves, by making it difficult for commands to reach and leave the brain.This causes the different symptoms of MS ("What is MS").According to the NMSS approximately one third of a million Americans acknowledge having MS ("About MS").


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MS is a disabling disease. It is common practice that people who suffer from the disease end up in a wheel chair. One way people who suffer from MS are discriminated against is in public accommodations.In the article, "A Ruling on Co-op and Disability," Jay Romano tells a story about a woman who as a result of having MS had to be in a wheel chair.Romano explains that the building she was living in didn't have a ramp so that she could easily get in and out of the building.Romano states she made several attempts to rectify the problem with the co-op board of the building but has not been accommodated.Further Romano informs us the woman sought out a lawyer and took the board to court.Romano reports that she won the court case, not only where they ordered to build her a ramp but the court also awarded her monetary damages.Most MS suffers are forced to become aware of their disability rights.As maintained by the NMSS, "Every individual should be able to lead a full, productive life and participate in community activities.For people with multiple sclerosis and other disabilities, there are many obstacles to full participation in transportation… [and] recreation." As stated by the NMSS, recently their Long Island Chapter has taken steps to make all pools in Nassau County, New York, accessible to wheel chairs by making waterproof wheelchair ramps.This seems like a small matter.However, when was the last time a person not in a wheel chair had a hard time getting into a pool?This is part of our everyday lives that we take for granted.These types of average aspects of public accommodations are ways in which people who suffer from MS are discriminated against.


People who suffer from MS are people who can not afford health benefits for many reasons.Many of them are facing the need to been on some sort of disability.Another way in which people with MS are discriminated against is in healthcare.The NMSS informs us that "many members of Congress believe that the current budget deficit requires limitation of prescription drug coverage to low-incomebeneficiaries… others believe a universal benefit is needed and that incremental steps to limit drug coverage to low-income beneficiaries will reduce the likelihood that Congress will enact a universal Medicare benefit in the future." However, in most cases disability benefits are not granted immediately creating monetary hardship (Shaw)."Of MS patients who were diagnosed with the disease more than five years ago, 4 percent are not taking drugs…the Harris poll interviewed 56 MS patients and 51 neurologists who treat MS patients.In addition to the patients who weren't taking drugs because they didn't have physical symptoms of the disease,percent said they couldn't afford the medicine"(Neenan). This is a continuous problem for suffers of MS.According to the NMSS Congress is unlikely to pass any form of Medicare prescription coverage in the coming year ("Advocacy").Unfortunate for many MS suffers discrimination in healthcare will be an on-going battle that does not seem to be ending in the near future.


Further people with MS are discriminated against in the workplace.There are many different forms of this discrimination.They range from inappropriate treatment at the workplace to monetary troubles because of the disease.For example, in the article "When Disease Conflicts with Police Duty," written by Ralph Ranalli, he relates the story of a police officer who is reduced to a desk job in a storage closet because of his disease.Ranalli explains this officer had an outstanding record and was a very productive member of the police department before being diagnosed with the disease.Ranalli goes on to inform us that the humiliation does not end there.Ranalli tells us about the standing order from the Police Chief is that when this officer has occasion leave the station in a car, he must use his personal vehicle and he must wear his civilian jacket over his uniform so that the public does not mistake him for an officer who might be able to help in an emergency situation. While this type of discrimination is mostly damaging to the character of the MS sufferer.There is also the kind of discrimination that is damaging to their pocket.For instance, in the article "Shrewd moves…State & Local Government Employees, Take Note!" written by Laura Cooper, we are told how new legislation has given new rights to employers against people with disabilities.Cooper informs us that because of this new legislation if you work for a state or local government you may or may not be eligible for social security disability insurance (SSDI).Cooper explains that the qualifications for SSDI are very difficult.This is another way in which discrimination takes place in the work force primarily in that people who thought they have or had good paying jobs with some sort of financial security are now in jeopardy of losing benefits.


In summary, discrimination against people with MS is a regrettable problem that people who suffer from the disease have to live with on a daily basis.The discrimination exists in many forms of life that individuals can easily help change and some that are going to be more difficult for the people who suffer from MS.Hopefully as a society those of us who do not suffer from MS are enlightened to the presence of discrimination and can look to ourselves to help eradicate it from our society.


"About MS." National Multiple Sclerosis Society.1 Nov.00 http//www.Nmss.org


"Advocacy." National Multiple Sclerosis Society.1 Nov.00 http//www.Nmss.org


Cooper, Laura."Shrewd Moves…State & Local Government Employees, Take Note!" Inside MS.001 Fall. National Multiple Sclerosis Society.1 Nov.00 http//www.Nmss.org


"Disclosure."National Multiple Sclerosis Society.1 Nov.00 http//www.Nmss.org


National Multiple Sclerosis Society.1 Nov.00 http//www.Nmss.org


Neenan, Julia."What MS Patients are Missing."Health Scout Reporter.11 May 000.http//www.Nmss.orgDec. 00


Ranalli, Ralph."When Disease Conflicts with Police Duty."Boston Globe 7 Nov. 1A1.ProQuest.Orange County Community College Library.1 Nov.00


Romano, Jay."A Ruling on Co-Ops and Disability."New York TimesMay 1, late ed..ProQuest.Orange County Community College Library.1 Nov.00


Shaw, Katherine."A Place in the Work Force."Inside MS.Fall 001. http//www.msfocus.org Dec.00


"What is MS?"National Multiple Sclerosis Society.1 Nov.00 http//www.Nmss.org


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Piracy a silent terrorist

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Piracy is the process of the illegal copying and distributing the work of art of a certain person who has his or her intellectual property rights. As obviously seen, the selling of pirated CD's and VCDs are known on almost everywhere. People tend to patronize these products to meet their demands and give themselves satisfaction of needs for entertainment. Piracy is not a new issue today. Even though incessant fight against this matter has been established, people tend to use these products because of lower price and almost the same quality they offer. Furthermore patronization of people with piracy only enhances the indirect stealing and keeping this silent terrorist alive.


Piracy is known over the world. Even here in the Philippines piracy is the most unrestrained act other than drugs. It is clearly seen all over the country that indeed piracy is dominating the market. We can see these stuffs sold in Quiapo, Greenhills and many other parts of the country. As a counterstrike, many drives had been instigated by the Videogram Regulatory board just to wipe out this tremendous issue. The country is even recognized internationally for its determination to permanently erase the face of piracy in the society. But still these this drives remains to be a drive with no proper implementation. Even though continuous raids had been done and even though they had presented tons of pirated items that are burned and crashed, still piracy is still alive.So, the proliferation of pirated CDs and VCDs continue to rule the market not just they offer the kind of entertainment people wanted but also it is being sold for a very low price. Even though media had exposed the confiscation of thousand pirated paraphernalia, still, the selling of these items are somewhat not to be affected by the drives imposed by the government. They say that as long as there are people who are willing to buy these products and as long as benefactor exist to produce these materials piracy will not disappear in the market.


There are thousands of reason why is the presence of the continuous proliferation of pirated CDs and VCDs in the market. One major reason is poverty because society today is currently under poverty. With no money on hand, people are also on scarce with their wants making them crave for something that they cannot afford. As a result, they to tend to patronize pirated CDs rather than the original ones because it satisfy their wants without spending money for entertainment. Another reason is that, in the wide variety or in the mass production of CDs and VCDs, the availability of products that are not sold in the market are made possible by piracy. They can find lots of selections to choose from, from old, new and sometimes for items that are not yet out in the market are now sold from every corners of the Philippines. Thanks to piracy because it made the production of new and amazing items for the consumer. People are now satisfied with entertainment given by the pirated materials but totally different in amount. People loved piracy because they don't have to buy that super expensive materials sold in the malls and other legitimate producers of CDs and VCDs. based on the response of the people who consider themselves as a patron of piracy, told that they tend to patronize these products because of practicality in choosing what you want without spending lots of money. Now, they can experience the entertainment at its fullest without knowing that in that little thing they have done, they are stealing the rights of the people concerned in this issue.


Another reason why there is an outbreak of the production of these materials is that benefactors are continuously providing the distributors the supply of such materials even though number of raids and confiscations had been done. They say that until there are patrons that are satisfied with their products, the production will not end. The presence of big time financiers behind this issue is not yet unveiled because of political and social intensions. Having them behind the production will not end the issue of piracy. Producers tend to produce these materials because they wanted to earn big income at the shortest possible time without knowing that they are violating the intellectual property rights of the legitimate producers of these items. Furthermore, piracy is seen to be a slowly dominating the entertainment industry because the perpetrators themselves who help in the drive against piracy are also patronizing these materials. Policemen, Politicians and other of the governments are sometimes seen tolerating these materials. So, how can piracy be abolished if there are some people who instead help in the drive against it are patronizing pirated items. The toleration seen in every local government is one proof that there is an outbreak of these materials in every part of the country.


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As a result of the continuous dissemination of pirated items in the country, artist and producers are the main victims of these unlawful acts. They suffer from great bankruptcy because pirated items do not have the full authorization of the law to be sold and propagate in the market. As an effect to them, they are now only producing less talents because stealing of their rights as a talent is obviously seen everywhere. Moreover, people who tend to patronize these materials are not aware that they are already stealing the right of ownership of other people. Buying pirated items just made stealing a better look because it made stealing almost a legal process. People are not aware that they had committed the indirect stealing of rights and even the means of living of other people because they are being robbed out by these parasites without even knowing. On the other hand, as the issue on piracy burgeons, the impact of this in our economy is severe for economists who tend invest their ventures in the country are now afraid because of the threat of sabotage with their products. The image of the country both in the economy and people will be affected because of the stigma that will be attached to the Philippines as the center of piracy in the world. Not only the people will suffer from the impairment done by piracy but also the country as a whole as well.


Indeed, piracy is a never-ending issue. For as long as people still continue in the patronization of this materials continues. As they achieved the satisfaction of their wants, it has never reached their minds that they look like parasites because they had performed the indirect stealing of goods, talent and living of other people. It is not merely practicing practicality or merely saying that piracy is the best policy because as people get satisfied in these pirated items, there are also people who are harmed not physically but emotionally and financially. As long as there are financiers and benefactors that are not exposed and put behind bars, the promulgation of pirated items will not be stopped and still continue to attract the eyes of consumer regardless of their personality or status in life. In addition to, drives can be really very helpful for as long as the perpetrator themselves are really serious to do their jobs. Expos and other press releases are not enough to prove that they are continuously fighting this terrorist that dwells in our community but by means of continuous perseverance and little by little exposing those people behind this illegal business and not accepting any bribe just to save their reputation. And for as long as there are people who patronize pirated CDs and VCDs, the production of these items will not be stopped because they serve as the basis of the manufacturers to produce more items for it satisfy the needs of the customer and their needs as well. As long as people don't cooperate in the drive against piracy, it will remain untouched and indestructible. Cooperation among the people is the only thing to solve this tremendous problem that is striking every country in the world. If this is not done, the government and the society will only continue to tolerate the indirect stealing of living and in some way only keeping this terrorist a part of everyday life.


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Monday, February 10, 2020

Marijuana Prohibition

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"The greatest service which can be rendered any country is to add a useful plant to its culture."-Thomas Jefferson. One of the biggest controversies that currently plague the U.S. is the debate over the legalization of marijuana. There are numerous factors to be considered in the debate, the drug's effects, how it affects crime, and it's medicinal uses. Federal law has prohibited marijuana since 1937. It is currently illegal to buy, sell, grow, or possess marijuana in the U.S.


Marijuana goes by more than 200 names, the most common being weed, pot, and herb (Ravage 6). Marijuana is made from the dried leaves of the cannabis sativa plant. The active ingredient is THC and when smoked it produces a "high" (Ravage 7). Marijuana is considered a mind-altering drug (Monroe 16).


The effects that marijuana has on its user varies from person to person. It depends on how it is taken, other drugs involved, and the expectations of the user (Monroe 17). The "high" consists of a dreamy relaxed state (Dupont 1). Other effects include an increased appetite, paranoia, tiredness, short-term memory loss, loss of coordination and balance, trouble with thinking and problem solving, and distorted perception of sight, sound, time, and touch (Monroe 17-18). Marijuana causes the heart to beat rapidly and blood pressure to rise (Monroe 18). Because the drug is stored in fat cells and slowly released its effects can last up to 24 hours after use (Ravage 8). The long-term effects of marijuana use are not entirely known. It may cause damage to the immune and reproductive systems (Dudley 6).


One of the arguments against the legalization of marijuana is the high potential for abuse associated with it. Many people develop a dependence on the high, which causes stunted emotional and social maturity. It also causes many people to lose interest in school, job, and social activities (Dudley 6). The other standpoint to this is the fact that marijuana is about as addictive as caffeine. It's far less addictive than alcohol, nicotine, heroin, and cocaine (Fortang 101). 9 out of 10 people who have tried marijuana have since quit (Dudley 7).


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Marijuana is relatively harmless. Used in moderation, it is less harmful than tobacco or alcohol (Dudley 7). There is no known case of a person dying from an overdose of marijuana. According to Susan Terkel, "To cause death, a person would have to smoke 1,500 pounds of marijuana- 720,000 joints- in fifteen minutes."(75). No one has ever died from an overdose of marijuana, while hundreds of thousands of people are killed by tobacco and alcohol every year.


The current drug laws are causing more harm than good. Many crimes are committed in order to pay for a drug habit (Terkel 98). 600,000 marijuana-related arrests were made in 1995, 80% of which were for possession alone (Dudley 6). People are being arrested for having marijuana and being thrown in jail for a crime in which there was no victim. Many of these people are in jail for many years because of mandatory prison sentences. This presents a new problem of jail overcrowding. The U.S currently has 1.6 million people in prisons, more than any other industrial nation. Drug offenders make up 60% of the federal prison population (Terkel 51). In order to make more room for these drug offenders, violent offender are being released early (Terkel 51). If marijuana were decriminalized, meaning there would be no possibility of arrest- only a fine, there would be 500,000 less arrests per year (Terkel 51). Former U.S. president Jimmy Carter supports the idea of decriminalization, "Penalties against possession of a drug should not be more damaging to an individual than the use of the drug itself."


The other crime aspect of legalizing marijuana would be that of organized crime. Marijuana makes up most of the international drug trade (Ravage 9). Only about 25% of marijuana available in the U.S. is grown here, majority of it comes from other countries including Mexico and Colombia (Ravage 9). Because marijuana is illegal, drug cartels can make an enormous amount of money from growing and selling it. This is similar to the effects of alcohol prohibition in the U.S. in the 1920's. After alcohol became illegal speakeasies sprang up all over the place. Organized crime grew rapidly. The famous gangster Al Capone had a bootlegging empire that netted over $60 million a year (Danzer 615).If marijuana was legalized it would drive these drug cartels out of business (Terkel 99). It would no longer be economical for them to try to sell expensive marijuana to a country that can grow it cheaply.


The U.S. has spent $16 billion on the "war on drugs" (Terkel 102). If marijuana was legalized the government could collect $4-6 billion in taxes on the marijuana (Terkel 105). This money could go into educating people about drugs. "The goal of legalizing drugs is to bring them under effective legal control. If it were legal to produce and distribute drugs, legitimate businessmen would enter the business. There would be less need for violence and corruption since the industry would have access to the courts. And, instead of absorbing tax dollars as targets of expensive enforcement efforts, the drug sellers might begin to pay taxes. So, legalization might well solve the organized crime aspects of the drug trafficking problem. On average, drug use under legalization might not be as destructive to users and to society as under current prohibition, because drugs would be less expensive, purer, and more conveniently available"-National Institute Of Justice.


The strongest argument for the legalization of marijuana is for its medicinal use. 73 % of Americans support seriously ill patients having access to marijuana ("Medicinal Marijuana"). Marijuana is an effective treatment for something as mild as a headache to cancer and AIDS patients. Marijuana can help glaucoma patients. 2-8 million people have glaucoma, a disease where pressure on the eyes and optical nerve can cause blindness. Marijuana can lessen the pressure on the eyes thus avoiding blindness. For 10-20% of glaucoma patients, marijuana is their only hope of keeping their eyesight. For the 1 million people who have epilepsy, marijuana can reduce the amount of antiseizure medicine needed or even eliminate the need for antiseizure medicine. For AIDS patients marijuana can help deal with the side effects of AZT, a drug used to treat HIV and AIDS. It can also help combat extreme weight loss, nausea, and vomiting associated with both AIDS and cancer treatments (Terkel 71-73). One solution developed by scientists is a pill by the name of Marinol. This is a pill of THC- the active ingredient in marijuana. Marinol does not effectively take the place of marijuana because Marinol takes up to 4 hours to take effect. If a patient is trying to combat vomiting, they have no hope of trying to get a pill down. Marinol can cause hallucinations, dizziness, anxiety, and it can last up to 10 hours (Terkel 76). Marinol is expensive it cost around $200 a month, more than actual marijuana (Thompson 149).


If marijuana was legalized the purity of it would be controlled by the FDA. There would be fewer crimes committed to support an expensive habit. The government would save money on enforcement of drug laws and collect more money from tax revenue. Sick patients would be able to receive effective treatment. Drug cartels would slowly fade out of existence. People would be happier.



Works Cited


Danzer, Gerald. The Americans. Evanston: McDougal Littell, 1998.


Dudley, William. Marijuana. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999.


DuPont, Robert L. "Marijuana," World Book Online Americas Edition, http://www. worldbookonline.com/wbol/wbPage/na/ar/co/344500, April 12, 2002.


Fortang, Erika. "Is Pot Bad For You?" Rolling Stone 4 Mar. 1999:101.


"Medicinal Marijuana." Drug Policy Alliance, http://www.lindesmith.org/library/


focal12.html, April 12, 2002.


Monroe, Judy. "Marijuana- A Mind Altering Drug." Current Health 2 23 Feb. 1998: 16-19.


Terkel, Susan N. The Drug Laws. Danbury: Franklin Watts, 1997.


Thompson, Stephen. The War on Drugs. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998.


Ravage, Barbara. "Marijuana Update." Current Health 2 28 Sept. 1994: 6-12.


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Friday, February 7, 2020

Philosophy Mill

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Is the quest for liberty an incontestable political good?


John Stuart Mill was born in London in 1806, the son of James Mill. He was a philosopher, economist and senior official in the East India Company. Mill gave a vivid and moving account of his life, and especially of his extraordinary education in his autobiography of 187. He was also a Liberal MP for Westminster from1865 to 1868, and as a young man in the 180s he edited the London and Westminster Review, a radical quarterly journal. He died at Aix-en-Provence in 187.


Mill was educated by his father, with the advice and assistance of Jeremy Bentham and Francis Place. He learned Greek at three, Latin a little later and by the age of 1, he was a competent logician and by 16 a well-trained economist. At 0 he suffered a nervous breakdown that persuaded him that more was needed in life than devotion to the public good and an analytically sharp intellect. From 180 to his death, he tried to persuade the British public of the necessity of a scientific approach to understanding social, political and economic change while not neglecting the insights of poets and other imaginative writers.


During his lifetime, it was his essay On Liberty, written in185 that aroused the greatest controversy, and the most expressions of approval and disapproval. The essay was sparked by the feeling that Mill and his wife, Harriet Taylor, constantly expressed in their letters to one another that they lived in a society where bold and adventurous individuals were becoming all too rare. Critics have sometimes thought that Mill was frightened by the prospect of a mass democracy in which working-class opinion would be oppressive and perhaps violent. The truth is that Mill was frightened by middle-class conformism much more than by anything to be looked for from an enfranchised working class. Custom Essays on philosophy Mill


Utility, writes Mill, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. (1)


This fundamentally hedonistic concept is further elaborated by Mill to equate happiness with pleasure and the absence of pain. This sounds fine, until we consider the very real necessity of pain in the process of growth, both as individuals and as societies. In this regard, Utilitarianism seems to be static, in that it fails to address fundamental processes of human development. In addition it is excessively simplistic and shortsighted in its attention to the pleasure principle. Such a doctrine could never realistically be applied to a system of colonisation such as advocated by the John Stuart Mill of the East India Company; part and parcel of colonisation is to place the Greatest Happiness Principle of the colonisers over that of the colonised.


The ideals of individualism and individual liberties also play a large role in Mills writings. These individual liberties included liberty of conscience, thought, opinion, and pursuits. Mill is very specific as to when individual liberties may be violated when he states


...that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection.()


Yet, in the same essay (pages 75-5), as Mill discusses what he believes an individual owes society, careful reading reveals that he considered many types of rebellious behaviour against the government or status quo should be regulated and restrained. Therefore, a colonised population, such as India, is not allowed to express their desire for individual freedoms if those freedoms pose a threat to the prevailing system, in this case the East India Company and, as of 1858, the British Empire. Hence, the prohibition of Indians to market their own produce. In the light of such restrictions, the idea of individual liberty seems secondary at best.


Mill goes on to apply these problematic ideals of individual liberty to economic entities.


Restrictions on trade, or on production for purposes of trade, are indeed restraints; and all restraint...is an evil.()


England exercised this policy, commonly known as Free Trade, with great vigour during the Nineteenth Century in its economic dealings with its colonies. However, the freedom implied by the term was somewhat one-sided. This was due to the fact that in those instances where the liberty of the individual clashed with the liberty of the economic entity, according to the doctrine of utilitarianism, the economic entity will predominate, in that it presumably provided the greater amount of happiness to society, and was, therefore more useful. In short, the rights of the individual are put on the back burner, individual liberty is co-opted by larger economic interests which, as we have seen, have now taken the ideological place initially reserved for the individual in the first place.


Mills attitude toward democracy is sounded as he proclaims that one of the main conditions essential to good government is


that it be government by a select body, not by the public collectively that political questions be not decided by an appeal, either direct or indirect, to the judgement or will of an uninstructed mass, whether of gentlemen or of clowns; but by the deliberately formed opinions of a comparatively few, specially formulated for the task.(4)


Here, Mill is clearly advocating an unfair system wholly suited to an imperialistic ruling class, yet not terribly concerned with liberty on an individual to individual basis. In fact, in regards to India, his opinion of the superiority of the English race is stated in no uncertain terms as he writes


...the conquerors and the conquered cannot in this case live together under the same free institutions.(5)


He goes on to express his opinion that


...these less advanced people...must be governed as subjects.(6)


On the one hand we have a Mill who expresses contempt for the masses and a general lack of confidence in the principles of democracy, advocating instead an oligarchy ruled by an intellectual aristocracy; then, on the other hand, we find an almost sentimental Mill, expressing confidence in a mankind whose own drive for happiness will lead it inevitably towards that perfect society in which, if not impeded by outside interference, the greatest good will come to be. Which Mill are we to believe?


The overriding flaw in Mills utopian vision of human intercourse is his stated belief that, given the chance (i.e. no interference from outside entities such as governments) the best in human nature will ultimately prevail. Even the most superficial reading of history will show that this is simply not the case.


Mills ideological legacy thrives to this very day. The endowment of individual liberties upon economic entities advocated by Mill has become the cornerstone of modern capitalism. Indeed, in America, the foremost industrial power in the world, Mills concept has been adopted and sanctioned by the U.S. Supreme Court. The Bellotti ruling of 180 granted corporations first amendment free speech rights, thus equating, in the realm of expression, the corporation with the individual. With the enhancement of corporate power by such Supreme Court rulings, the inevitable consequence is the diminishment of the liberty of the individual.


Another consequence of Mills theories is the current state of affairs brought about by a decade of relatively unrestrained free trade. This social unaccountability has left us with savings and loan scandals, corporate domination of the media, and a vast concentration of wealth at the top of the economic food chain. I am forced to conclude that the quest for liberty is not an incontestable political good, but a 'survival of the fittest' race in which we are all striving to come out on top.


In conclusion, while I admire John Stuart Mills brilliance, his prolific output, and his writing style, I feel it important to point out that he was, in my opinion, operating on two planes of thought simultaneously, the two frequently came into direct conflict.


References and Bibliography


(1) John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism (excerpt), p. 7.


() John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, p. .


() John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, p. 6.


(4) John Stuart Mill, Essays on Politics and Society, p. 64.


(5) Ibid., p. 550.


(6) Ibid., p. 550.


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Thursday, February 6, 2020

Digging A poem by Seamus Heaney

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In this poem Digging by Seamus Heaney, there is an element of ambiguity. The author writes this poem about a Father digging potatoes - this however, is only on the surface.Underlying the true intention or meaning of the poem reveals the great admiration and respect for how hardworking his Father and Grandfather was. All though this may just be a poem about digging potatoes. The poet reveals the tremendous skill in digging and conveys certain artistry in this physical act.The poet also uses this poem to speak out against the past political situation of farming in Ireland.


He uses his words as a weapon to speak out what he personally feels to be wrong.


The poem is written in free verse.Although the first two stanzas of the poem show the start of regularity and rhyme, this changes to the use of free verse continuing to the end of the poem. This form of free verse allows the poet a freedom for subtle rhythmic variety, for example using assonance.Or making words look like they rhyme. Which is shown quite regularly through this poem.


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Free verse also complements the style of the poet connecting with the reader in the way that it seems like the poet is writing directly to the reader.Making it a more in touch and personal poem to subjects that we can relate to. In this case. Having a respect for your Father or your heritage.


The poems opening line, in a simple, complete one line statement, conveys the impression of the poet talking to us directly and also sets a snapshot of time for the reader


Between my finger and my thumb/The squat pen rests; snug as a gun


This opening line focuses our attention to the fact that this is set in present time.It is as if the opening lines in the first stanza is creating the beginning of his memories being told by the poet.


When Seamus Heaney uses the word gun in relation to his pen. The author uses this simile gun to express his relief that he can use his pen instead of a gun as a weapon.It shows a new belief that you do not have to use violence to achieve your goal.


Seamus Heaney is careful n choosing the word gun - almost a starting point in what else that he chooses to say as a weapon for the subjects raised in the rest of the poem.


Seamus Heaney is able to document time successfully.In the opening lines of the poem, it is as if he sets the beginning of his memory or starting to tell the story of his father digging.


He moves on to say Under my window, a clean rasping sound/When spade sinks into gravelly ground


So we move on to the next stanza to his father digging.These lines are extremely effective in producing this image in ones mind using onomatopoeic words such as rasping and gravelly which depicts the image of the act of digging.This shows to be clever technique in the poem.


As mentioned, the ambiguity shown in this poem is particularly evident.The poet conveys one thing, but can be interpreted that he means something different.It could be a case of trying to disguise what is really trying to say.


In the second stanza of the poem he uses the word gravelly not only to create the image of digging, but can be seen as symbolic.Seamus Heaney is alluding to the one crop law that was imposed on Ireland by England.The law later blamed for the famine that struck Ireland when the potato crop failed. Seamus Heaney shows the ground is grave like because it was the physical cause for the famine.The soil retained too much water, resulting in the potato crop rotting.The message in just this word gravelly is to the reader and the way that Seamus Heaney uses ambiguity, it is to educate the reader of the hardship that these farmers had to go through under the English oppressive rule.This is an example of how a pen can be a weapon.


In the third stanza where Heaney uses twenty years he is watching his Father digging in the flowerbeds, this brings back memories of his father working in the potato filed.This memory is what the author is choosing to document in order to give the reader a sense of time and taking the reader with his memories.Going back to the point made that Heaney creates a close relationship with the reader using this method.


This poem shows to be particularly descriptive.At the same time shows admiration and artistry that Heaney employs to the physical act of digging.


As Heaney recalls a memory about his Father digging, he shows his love and admiration by his use of alliteration that creates a powerful image for the reader


In the fourth stanza he uses it in this way


buried the bright edge deep, potatoes that we picked and hardness of our hands.


At this stage of the poem it suggests an emotional tone in the author by the language and alliteration used.


The way he puts his words together and the short syllables used such asHe roots out tall tops, buried the bright edge deep orLoving their cool hardness in our hands.


This creates an artistic view of what seems a simple act of digging potatoes


Heaney also shows appreciation of accuracy and the skill needed in order to be a farmer.He uses delicate language to describe an act of digging which cant really be described as delicate. This shows to be a powerful contrast.


Heaney uses Nicking and slicing, neatly. These indeed is a delicate description of digging.


As mentioned earlier we can see that through the language used, he respects what his father and grandfather did, as farmers, a great deal.


The first evidence of this is shown when he almost boasts


By God the old man could handle a spade


In the sixth stanza of this poem he recalls a memory of how hardworking his grandfather was


My grandfather cut more turf in a day


than any other man on Toners bog


This does show the immense pride he felt towards his father and grandfather.


In the fifth stanza when he uses the phrase in reference to his father of old man this points out that his father can dig as good as his grandfather, it is relevant because Heaney is providing a reader with a sense of time. Which is an important element in this poem.


As the poet shows admiration and respect he has towards his father and grandfather, Heaney shows disappointment that he can never be like his father or grandfather, for reasons not mentioned by the poet.


In the seventh stanza, he describes the smell of the potatoes and recalling his memories in the last line of this stanza. Heaney writes


But I have no spade to follow men like them.


He shows great respect for these men but knows he can never be like them.In this, he compares himself to these men.However, the poem ends when he reflects on what he can do-what he as an individual can do, that being writing.He ends this poem with a confident line where he writes Ill dig with it. This can be interpreted in the way that their lives are connected between his Father, Grandfather and himself, being that they are all skilled in what they do.


It is surprising that the parallels of digging and writing are so strong.


A writer digs with his own mind and digging and writing are both constructive.


The farmer digs in order to get the potatoes for nourishment for the body, as a writer writes for nourishment for the mind. This poem succeeds in conveying the poets thoughts of admiration in what his Father and grandfather did.As well as using his poem or pen as a weapon to speak out for what he believes in.The use of simple, yet clever language shows admiration as well as depicting the hidden meanings found in this poem.


The entire poem has ambiguity involved; almost three points are made at the same time.That is being admiration and respect, how he uses his pen as a weapon, and his comparison to his father in what he does. All though he knows that he cant be his Father he searches for something he can do that lives up to what his father did.


A sense of strong emotion is depicted form the author by how he describes the act of digging in itself, as well as the language used to show the respect in his Father.


Seamus Heaney shows a clever technique of bringing the reader to his memories as well as how he documents time to the present or the past.


He is also successful in making the reader read between the lines, so to speak.In order to show the readers the true intention of this po


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Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Detailed Interview on Corporate Crime

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Detailed Interview on Corporate Crime, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Detailed Interview on Corporate Crime paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!To gain some insight and a better understanding of the organizational structure and composition of a corporation, as well as some information pertaining to if and why deviance within a corporation occurs, I interviewed Regina Sway. Ms. Sway, age 4, is a Production Superintendent for a paper and packaging manufacturing plant in Pennsylvania and she has been in charge of making sure productivity standards and quotas have been realized since she started at the company eleven years ago.


Frequent walks around the plant, checking in with and evaluating each employee's productivity, and making sure they "are using their maximum efforts and doing the maximum workload, not slacking off", are her primary duties as superintendent of production. She is also responsible for implementing and carrying out procedures that will yield an increase in productivity, which will lead to an increase in revenue, something that is very important to those in the upper echelon of the corporate hierarchy. The practices and procedures that she enforces to get production to the specified levels come from the Plant Manager who is told over the phone by "unknown, faceless executives" in Chicago, the location of the plants head quarters. "I have never met or seen any of those people in Chicago, but they are the ones who look at their charts and figures and decide how much more of a profit can be made."


Although Ms. Sway has stated that she has never witnessed or heard of any illegal or immoral activities existing in her company, she firmly believes that the corporate structure and hierarchy that exists at her job sets itself up as a catalyst for creating and causing deviant behavior that some individuals might not normally exhibit in other areas of their lives. The organizational hierarchy that is in place at Regina's company resembles that of a pyramid where the very few who occupy positions at the top are the same ones who have access to many resources and wield a lot of power, as opposed to the many individuals who occupy the bottom of the pyramid and have limited access to resources and hold little power. Regina sees herself somewhere in the middle of the hierarchy; she has access to some resources and wields some power over those at the bottom, but there are still some who have more resources and hold much more power higher up. According to Regina, the way that the line workers she supervises are treated by other mangers, and by Regina herself, is degrading and harsh, yet she is forced by her superiors to maintain and condone this treatment.


The plant manager who essentially runs the company is a man that Regina characterizes as "an aggressive and ruthless guy who will not allow anyone to get in his way of getting what he wants. If the executives in Chicago tell him that there needs to be a 7% increase in overall productivity, he will certainly make sure that the 7% increase is made.". Regina says that the Plant Manager is extremely vocal in what he wants and he often tells employees that, "if someone even tries to cheat him out of his paycheck or even tries to take food out of his family's mouths, he will become a person not to be messed with.". Regina said that his aggressive histrionics create an atmosphere of fear and hostility that trickles down to all levels of the corporate hierarchy. The line workers, the employees responsible for operating the machinery and actually manufacturing the paper and packaging products receive the harshest treatment in the plant by the upper level management which Regina has said, includes herself. "I am not proud of having to constantly chide the line workers and tell them to pick up the pace, but if I don't get the results that are expected, I will be looking for another job soon."


Regina has said that she is now able to reconcile her constant pressuring of the line employees to increase productivity and making sure that they are doing their job to the fullest extent as simply part of her job description, and she tries hard to detach herself from the job that has caused employees to nickname her "cold as ice". "I leave my job feeling horrible some nights." Regina said. "The way I treat and talk to the floor workers on occasion even makes me step back and think "I can't believe I just said that." But for Ms. Sway, this harsh and sometimes brutal way of conducting business is tolerated and to an extent favored positively. "All of my bosses use the same harsh tactics and talk horribly to their subordinates, including me, and I guess I take the baton and pass it down to my subordinates." This trickle down effect is how Regina and her fellow employees became socialized into the company where they work.They learn the unwritten rules and norms for behavior that dictate how business is to be run. When asked why she stays at a job that forces her to morph into an aggressive and cutthroat supervisor, Regina simply says that "Money talks, and if it talks loud enough, I can rationalize my behavior to make me want to get up and go to work the next day."


At Regina's job, the ubiquitous company belief of "Don't ask questions, just follow orders" is an ideology that can quickly snowball into deviant acts. The ability of the corporation to control and homogenize the employees, isolate their views by keeping them in specialized, narrow positions, and ultimately molding them into what they want, allows for the great possibility of deviant actions to occur. By Regina adopting and implementing the company's rules into her work, it reveals that by simply following the rules and norms of the company, it can lead to a slippery slope, where committing illegal acts might soon be seen as just part of the company procedure.


When asked about the possible pressures she faced at work, Regina said that being responsible for constantly having to find a way to get sixty employees to increase their workload in order for the company to make a bigger profit and to keep her supervisors satiated puts a lot of pressure on her shoulders. "It gets very frustrating and taxing when you're always being told by a superior that you need to churn out more. I always dread being called into the Plant Managers office, because I know that he is going to want more and more. Sometimes I just want to tell him that these people can only do so much, but I know that if I want to keep on working, I had better keep that to myself." Regina is fully aware of the company structure, and she realizes that following orders and showing respect to her superiors is a very important rule that must not be broken.


Ms. Sway said that in cases where employees want to resist the pressures of engaging in illegal or unethical behavior, "You can't run from pressures like that, and if you want to work at a job where the main driving force is money and lots of it, it would be better to just go into business for yourself. If you resist the pressure, you will be looked down on by all the people working with you and most of the time you'll get fired." For Regina, participating in deviant activities, although wrong and illegal, is just part of the game. Loyalty and trust are virtues in corporate America, and anyone that isn't willing to go along with what the company demands will soon find someone else who is happy and willing to comply in their position.


Ms. Sway works in a corporation where cutthroat business tactics and harsh


attitudes directed to subordinates is a daily occurrence. Although she realizes that this


may not be the best sort of behavior, she does it simply because it is required of her.


She has adopted the company's attitudes and management style in order to perform her


duties and get through the day. Although this behavior is not illegal, it helps to explain


the corporate structure and how the established hierarchy could possibly create and


reinforce an employee's commission in deviant acts.Regina believes that there are many


employees who would resort to deviant means in order keep their job, especially if they


were told to do it by a superior of some kind. She believes that as long as money is a


motivating factor, things like this will always occur.


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Tuesday, February 4, 2020

The Crucible: Revered Hale

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Revered John Hale of Beverly is first described as "a tight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual" who is nearing forty.Like most learned men, he spent a good deal of time "pondering the invisible world."There was no doubt in his mind of the "existence of Lucifer's many-faced lieutenants."Revered Hale prides himself on his ability to ascertain witchcraft.He eagerly goes to Salem to showcase his knowledge with his "painfully acquired armory of symptoms, catchwords, and diagnostic procedures" for finding the Devil in people.He also brings with him books "weighted with authority," showing that he does not expect to be questioned.With John Hale present, the slightest bit of irregular behavior leads to suspicion of witchcraft such as Martha Corey's reading of books."Have no fear," Hale says, "I mean to crush him (the devil) utterly if he has shown his face."


Education can be defined as "the knowledge and development resulting from an educational process."Throughout The Crucible, Revered Hale goes through an educational process, which causes him to change his views completely.Though at first he is extremely zealous about his beliefs and the witch accusations, he later faces an internal conflict and realizes the true nature of the witch-hunts and the justice system.


In Act I, Thomas Putnam suggests that Betty is possessed for she could not bear to hear the Lord's name.Hale ironically responds by saying, "We cannot look to superstition in this.The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone."He holds the contradictory belief that superstition will not solve the problem but justifiable supernatural explanations will clarify the events.Like many others in the play, Hale believed that those who confessed of witchcraft were innocent.When Tituba confessed, she was exonerated with Revered saying, "You are God's instrument to discover the Devil's agents among us…God will protect you."Later on in the play, Hale realizes that the "innocent" accusers are really the guilty.


In the second act of The Crucible, Revered Hale appears different with a "quality of deference" and even some guilt in his manner.He came into the Proctor household and explained that since he was new to Salem, he found it "hard to draw a clear opinion of them that has come accused before this court."This is where Hale's earliest signs of development and change are revealed.With a minute amount of doubt for the accused, he might have felt slightly guilty for catalyzing the accusations.In the beginning of Act II however, most of Hale's beliefs have yet to change.He mentions that anyone is susceptible to the Devil's power stating, "No man may longer doubt the powers of the dark are gathered in monstrous attack upon this village.There is too much evidence now to deny it."Revered Hale also states that "the Devil is a wily one," meaning one can never be too sure of things when it comes to dealing with witchcraft.


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John Hale's main internal conflict starts when Proctor mentions that Abigail told him that the girls' sickness had "naught to do with witchcraft."Hale does not believe Proctor on the account of numerous people have already "confessed to dealing with the Devil."Proctor sensibly points out that there are those that "will swear to anything before they'll hang," indicating that confessing was the easiest way out of trouble.Hale is only slightly persuaded at first but the seeds doubt continued to grow.


Since Rebecca Nurse was known even in Beverly as a pious woman, Hale was shocked and troubled when he heard that she'd been convicted saying, "if Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothing's left to stop the whole green world from burning."At this time Hale still believed in the court confidently stating,"Let you rest upon the justice of the court; the court will send her home."The arresting of Rebecca increases his doubt of the trials but Hale still adheres tightly to his beliefs declaring, "There is a misty plot afoot so subtly we should be criminal to cling to old respects and ancient friendships.I have seen too many frightful proofs in courtthe Devil is alive in Salem."Even after Rebecca Nurse and Martha Corey are arrested, Revered Hale nevertheless remains suspicious.


When Elizabeth Proctor is taken, Hale faithfully defends the court yet again saying it is just.Consequently John Proctor calls the Revered Pontius Pilate for being passive and cowardly.Hale once again starts to doubt his allegiances and his perspective on the entire matter gradually changes even more.


By Act III, the development of Hale's character is unmistakably evident.In court, Danforth suspects Proctor's Christian values when he learned that Proctor has plowed on Sundays.Hale stands up for John Proctor declaring, "I cannot think you may judge the man on such evidence."This is significant in that it demonstrates Hale's changed point of view because in Act II at the Proctor house, Hale also judged Proctor with ambiguous evidence such how frequently he went to church and his knowledge of the Commandments.By this time Hale questions the justice system that he once fervently defended.He learns that many of his prior beliefs are untrue. He vocally expresses his doubt for the guilt of the people he once helped accuse.


When Parris accuses Francis Nurse for attacking the court by defending people who signed a deposition, Hale angrily remarks, "Is every defense an attack upon the court?"He also the questions the accusations by saying,"I dare not take a life without there be proof so immaculate no slightest qualm of conscience may doubt it."That statement entirely contradicts an earlier statement Hale made when he said, "we dare not quail to follow wherever an accusing finger points!"Obviously by then his outlook on the affair had drastically changed due in part perhaps to the guilt he experienced for helping the hysteria grow in the beginning.


The new Revered Hale became a voice of reason in court and defends those who are actually innocent.When Elizabeth Proctor lies to protect her husband saying that he never committed lechery, Hale defends her by pleading to Danforth, "it is natural to tell a lie; I beg you, stop before another is condemned! I may shut my conscience to it no moreprivate vengeance is working through this testimony!"Hale realizes the true motives behind the trials and that the girls had been lying all along.He comes to believe that the "innocent" were actually the guilty.In Proctor's defense he firmly states, "From the beginning this man has struck me true.By my oath to Heaven, I believe him now." He then points to Abigail saying,"This girl has always struck me false!"


Once Danforth orders Proctor to be taken to jail for associating with the devil, Hale becomes enraged, causing him to denounce the proceedings and quitting the court.By the final act of the play, Hale is "steeped in sorrow, exhausted, and more direct than he ever was."He has given up quarrelling with Danforth and fighting with the justice system; instead he tries to persuade the accused to confess to witchcraft before they are hanged.He begs Elizabeth Proctor to convince her husband to confess to save himself.He does this in guilt saying, "if he is taken I count myself his murderer," because he realized that he was a significant force in initiation the trials.In trying to convince Elizabeth, Hale admits he was wrong in the beginning saying, "Let you not mistake your duty as I mistook my own."He tells Goody Proctor,"cleave to no faith when it brings blood…Life, woman, is God's most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it.I big you, woman, prevail upon you husband to confess.Let him give his lie…God damns a liar less than he that throws his life away for pride."Elizabeth suggests that this is a devils argument, but Hale desperately says that before Gods laws we are swine and that we cannot read His will.


When John Proctor withdraws his confession, the Revered begs Elizabeth for the last time to plead with John but this was to no avail.In the end, though Revered John Hale believed in what was right, he could not fix was he started.Formerly a self-proclaimed expert on witchcraft, the once naïve Revered Hale learns a great deal from the event and comes out with a changed perspective on life.


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Trotsky

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Preface


Lev Davidovich Bronstein (187-140), better known as Trotsky, was the fifth son of a prosperous Jewish farmer from the Ukraine. From an early age Trotsky had an "intense hatred of the existing order, of injustice, of tyranny" as stated in his autobiography. In 187 he was inspired by the self-sacrifice of a female student in Petrograd and decided to engage in revolutionary politics.


Part 1- Describe the significant changes in fortune of Leon Trotsky between 117 and 140


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117 was an eventful year for Trotsky; after a brief imprisonment for his involvement in the 'July Days' he accepted the appointment of chairman of the Petrograd Soviet.Trotsky's groups then joined the Bolsheviks.Within the Bolshevik Party Trotsky played a key role leading to the October revolution.Following the revolutionafter rejecting other offershe accepted the appointment of Commissar of Foreign Affairs. In this position, much to the fury of the Western Allies, Trotsky was involved in separate armistice talks with the Germans and their allies at Brest-Litovsk.When Lenin threatened to resign if the papers (which held harsh conditions for Russia) were not signed, Trotsky relented and signed the treaty of Brest-Litovsk.


At the outbreak of the Civil War (118-10) Trotsky became the Commissar of War and gained control of the newly created Red Army. The Red Army was a disorderly volunteer force, but under his leadership, it evolved into a professional, conscripted army with strict discipline imposed by former imperial officers. Trotsky's rousing orations and regular appearances at critical junctures in his famous armoured train played an important part in raising the Red Army's morale.Trotsky's brilliant strategies and organisational skills resulted in the crushing defeat of the Whites' by the Red Army and Trotsky being celebrated as a hero throughout Russia.


Trotsky's fortune was then affected by the power struggle, following Lenin's death in 14.There were four key men who vied for leadership Trotsky, Stalin, Kamenev and Zinoviev.Trotsky was the most feared of the four contenders, as he had once been Lenin's right-hand man. Stalin, Kamenev and Zinoviev joined forces as a triumvirate and opposed Trotsky, forcing him to resign as Commissar of War, after accusing him of "acting against the Party's interests."However, Kamenev and Zinoviev soon became aware of Stalin's great ambition.Consequently, in 16 Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev formed the United Opposition alliance.In effect it was an anti-Stalinist bloc aimed at opposing the policies of the Right.However, at the Fifteenth Party Congress in December 17, Stalin convinced the Congress to expel both Trotsky and Zinoviev.Trotsky was sent to Alma Ata in Kazakhstan and in 1 deported to Turkey.


After his expulsion to Turkey, Trotsky lived in France and Norway before settling in Mexico.There he lived the rest of his life, writing books and articles, giving lectures and interviews that 'poured scorn on Stalin.' (Evans, D., Jenkins, J., 001 pg 15)


Trotsky was still targeted by Stalin. An unsuccessful attempt on Trotsky's life was made in May 140.However, Trotsky succumbed when a second attempt was made at his home on 0 August 140 and died the following day.


Trotsky experienced tumultuous changes in fortune between 117 and his untimely death in 140.During the Bolshevik Revolution and the subsequent civil war he was hailed as a hero.However, after the death of Lenin, in the power struggle with Stalin, Trotsky lost his position in the Party, and ultimately, his life.


Part - Assess Leon Trotsky's contribution to the Bolshevik Revolution in 117


'All of Stalin's efforts notwithstanding, there can be no argument about the fact that Trotsky was perceived by admirers and detractors alike- as second only to Lenin in the revolution.' (Volkogonov, D., 17)


When Lenin originally proposed the Bolshevik Revolution for late October, the Bolsheviks in general evinced little enthusiasm. It was Trotsky who inspired them and through his Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC) of the Petrograd Soviet ensured that the Bolshevik coup d'tat took place.


In September and early October, the Germans scored new successes on the Northwestern front.Consequently, on October , the Petrograd Soviet established a committee to consider 'war planning' - the transfer of troops.They accepted the idea of Trotsky's idea of a "revolutionary defence committee," later named the Military Revolutionary Committee.


The chairman of the MRCformed on 0th Octoberwas ostensibly Lazimir, a left wing Social Revolutionary who later joined the Bolsheviks, but it was Trotsky who led the MRC.Furthermore Stalin's Military Revolutionary Centre was subordinated to Trotsky.The MRC sent commissars to all the regiments in Petrograd, authorising the arsenals in the city to issue arms to the workers.


By the rd of October, Trotsky had reports that all the recently appointed commissars now had control over their units.This meant that some 50,000 garrison troops were, in effect, neutralised; only two regiments outwardly refused to obey the MRC.Therefore the military would take no part in aiding or thwarting the Bolshevik Revolution.


Though Trotsky had no precise strategy for the coup, Lenin suggested the seizure of the central post office.Trotsky then planned for the neutralisation of the fortress of St Peter and Paul.This allowed the MRC to take control of railway stations, power plants and sewerage plants.The bulk of the Bolshevik forces were scheduled to storm the Winter Palace (the seat of the Provisional Government) on the 5th of October.


The plan ran so smoothly, it was almost bloodless.At 100pm on 6th October, Trotsky proclaimed the collapse of the Provisional Government and proudly declared that power had passed to the hands of the soviet and its MRC.


Through his command of the Military Revolutionary Committee, Trotsky brought about the strategically brilliant Bolshevik Revolution.He later claimed that the revolution had been in progress during the whole of 117, and this was the last act in the tremendous and prolonged drama.The Provisional Government had "renounced the very idea of resistance. The bourgeois class had expected barricades, flaming conflagrations, looting, and rivers of blood.In reality a silence reigned more terrible than all the thunders of the world.The social ground shifted noiselessly like a revolving stage, bringing forward the popular masses, carrying away to limbo the rulers of yesterday."Trotsky. (Kochan, L., 170, pg 87)


Word Count 1000


Bibliography


BBC HistoryLeon Trotsky (187-10), n.d., http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/trotsky_leon.shtml, 4--0.


Bolshevik Revolution 117, n.d., http//www.johndclare.net/Russ5.htm, 4--0.


Bradley, J., 188, The Russian Revolution, Bison Books Ltd, London.


Cantwell, T., Cartlidge, B., Le Cornu, D., Kiem, P., Marchetto, A., Martin, D., Mootz, D., Panczyk, P., Pyne, M., 00, HTA Modern History Study Guide, History Teacher's Association of NSW, Wareemba NSW.


Christian, D., 1, Power and Privilege, Pitman Publishing, Melbourne.


Davidson, M(ed.), 1, When, Where, Why and How it Happened, The Readers Digest Association Limited, Sydney.


Dennett, B., Dixon, S., 001, Key Features of Modern History, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Australia


Evans, D., Jenkins, J., 001, Years of Russia and the USSR, 1851-11, Hooder and Stoughton Educational, London.


Factors in the Bolshevik Revolution, 00, http//www.essaybank.co.uk/free_coursework/181.html, 4--0.


Kochan, L., 170, The Russian Revolution, The Stellar Press, Great Britain.


Kochan, L., Abraham, R., 185, The Making of Modern Russia- Second Edition, Penguin Books Ltd, England.


Leon Trotsky's Biography Page, n.d., http//www.acerj.com/CommOnline/Leonbio.htm, 1--0.


Leon Trotsky, n.d, http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUStrotsky.htm, 1--0.


The Trotsky Archive, n.d., http//www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/index.htm, 1--0.


Trotsky - Succession, Revolutionary Success, Civil War Hero, Death, Failure and End, n.d., http//www.coursework.info/i/15.html, 1--0.


Trotsky, n.d., http//www.geocities.com/Athens/56/trotsky.html, 4--0.


Trotsky.net, n.d., http//www.trotsky.net, 1--0.


Russia The Bolshevik Revolution- Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, 4-7-0, http//www.workmall.com/wfb001/russia/russia_history_the_bolshevik_revolution.html, 4--0.


Volkogonov, D., 17, Trotsky the Eternal Revolutionary, HarperCollins, England. [Translation by Shukman, H.]


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Friday, January 31, 2020

Trading Labour

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Trading Labour. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Trading Labour paper right on time.


Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Trading Labour, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Trading Labour paper at affordable prices with custom writing service!Canada has one of the highest standards of living in the world. We are the rd largest country by size and have one of the highest GNPs.It is not a surprise that this level is achieved and maintained by high productivity, and low population creating a high Gross National Product. From this, we can understand why Canada has recently created policies and programs by which foreign workers could come to Canada under restriction to work and return to their home countries after the work term is over. This is mainly due to the growing recognition of the need to focus on the challenges and opportunities of labour globalization by businesses and the government. These programs were created by means of alleviating poverty and providing greater equity of opportunity to the citizens of developing countries. (Department).


Over the years Canada has created numerous policies and trade agreements with other countries on the topic of labour trade. Mass labour trade first started in the late 1800's when the Canadian government needed mass amount of workers to build the Canadian Pacific Railway. People living in Canada at the time did not want to carry out such intensive labour, so the government introduced the old-Canadian Immigration Policy and shipped thousands of Chinese workers from China to work on the railroad. This was perhaps the first form of mass international labour trade experiences by Canada. (Canadian). After the railroad was built, Labour Trade settled down because of discriminatory issues against foreign people. It wasn't until the past several decades that labour trade began to appear in Canada once more.


One of the main policies that was set to create labour immigration programs is the revised Canada Immigration Labour Policy. The objective of the policy primarily focuses on the economic benefits available to Canada by fulfilling a justifiable need of the Canadian labour market. This is accomplished by assisting the entry of foreign workers who can benefit the Canadian Economy either through labour or skill. The government will exclude any entry of foreign workers who could have an adverse impact on the Canadian labour market. This program is strictly run by the HRCC (Human Resources Canada Centre). (Ambrose).


Recently speaking, in 17, Canada and Chile signed the "Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement" where both countries would unite together and focus mainly on labour cooperation. This labour agreement demonstrates Canada's commitment to cooperation on labour issues. Canada and Chile would try to protect each other's labour forces by trying to maintain a high level of skill among the workforce. Trading labour could be an option if the need arises. (Human).Also recently in October of 00, the Centre for Research and Information on Canada conducted a research on whether or not Canada should expand the NAFTA with the US to labour, allowing workers to move freely between the two countries in search of employment. Across Canada, 6% supported free trade for labour while 4% opposed. Despite public support however, restrictions on free trade of labour remains in place and is unlikely to change in the near future announced by the government of Canada.(Centre).


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Every year over 0,000 foreign workers enter Canada to help Canadian employers in the Foreign Work Program hosted by Citizenship and Immigration Canada and Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC). This program ensures that foreign workers benefit from working in Canada, as well as support economic growth to create more opportunities for Canadians citizens as well. (Citizenship). The HRDC assess offers of employment made by employers to foreign workers in a selective process and develops an opinion based on whether the work is likely to benefit the Canadian economy In order to be accepted, the offer must either fill a labour shortage, have the potential to attract Canadian citizens and permanent residents, or have the potential to direct job creation for Canadian citizens.


The Canadian Immigration Labour Policy and the foreign work program developed by the government of Canada is a great way to boost our economy in times of hardship. There are many advantages to Canada of which include 1. it can fulfill labour shortages in the market which keeps the industry alive. . It promotes the Canadian economy because it creates more incentive for other people to come to Canada to work. . It attracts skilled labour for certain industries in times of hardship. 4. Employers do not have to pay as much in wages to these foreign workers as opposed to paying a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident. This therefore gives employers an opportunity to expand and attract Canadian citizens in the line of work. 5. Some foreign workers may consider immigrating to Canada permanently if they qualify, which is good for Canada because these workers would give us a reputation of having a strong labour force. 6. Many foreign workers have knowledge about a specific industry that Canadians do not. This could enhance the industry by increasing productivity with the skills that these foreign workers could bring. And. 7. Our overall economy increases because of political equity and economic growth since we are filling up the gaps in the Canadian labour market. (Ambrose).


The policies and the foreign work program do have drawbacks as well. Some disadvantages may include 1. Workers who return to their home countries after their work term is up will need to sell their Canadian wages for their country's currency. This devalues the Canadian dollar because the demand for Canadian dollars would decrease and the supply would increase. . Workers are usually provided with accommodations for their work term, this means that they wouldn't really spend as much money as a regular Canadian citizen. This decreases our economy because consumption is low and leakages are greater than injections. . Foreign workers wanting to stay in Canada but are not approved may decide to illegally stay in Canada which increases our crime rates thus decreasing our standard of living.


When foreign workers come to Canada to work, many industries benefit by filling up labour shortages. Foreign workers also benefit our industries by providing us with skills we currently do not have. One specific example of an industry is the agriculture industry. In booming seasons, Canada may need a lot of people to work on farms. Because Canada is becoming increasing more technologically advanced, there is a decreasing number of people who want to be farmers. Therefore there is a shortage of farmers because farmers are stereotypically depicted as being a 'low' profession. Thus Canada needs to find foreign workers to fill this shortage to keep the industry alive. Another example may be the computer industry. A couple of years ago computers took up a huge chunk out of the tech sector. To keep up with the industry, companies had to hire workers from foreign countries to come to Canada to work for them because there was a shortage of IT graduates out of university.Companies needed to keep up with the competition and found this as an alternative. Other industries such as the biomedical industry, the lumber industry, other tech industries, and other labour intensive industries also benefit through the foreign labour policy because it does keep many industries alive and it gives them a better chance to survive in this increasingly competitive economy. (Department).


As you can see the foreign labour program provides a way for industries to survive in hardships and allow Canadian companies to expand and grow within Canada. Not only does it improve the Canadian economy, it may also improve the political relationship between Canada and another country because citizens from that country are able to come to Canada and experience the Canadian culture and way of life. Workers from developing countries also benefit by giving themselves a chance to earn more money in the mean time pass on their experiences to their friends and families. In a way this is promoting Canada. The first mass of Chinese immigrants who came to Canada in the late 1800's to work on the Canadian Pacific Railway through the Immigration Policy has certainly given Canada a new way for keeping stability and growth. I'm sure the Foreign Worker Program will continue to benefit Canada in the future.


Please note that this sample paper on Trading Labour is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Trading Labour, we are here to assist you.Your persuasive essay on Trading Labour will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Thursday, January 30, 2020

Scalars and VectorsReport

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Vector quantities consist of both magnitude and direction. The magnitude is made up of a number and a unit. Scalar quantities consist of only a magnitude. Position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, weight, and momentum are examples of vector quantities. Scalar quantities include such things as mass, time, distance, speed, work, and energy, to name but a few. Vector quantities are represented on a diagram by a directed line segment, drawn to scale, with reference coordinates to show direction. The tail of a vector is called the origin and the tip is called the terminal point. Equivalent vectors have the same magnitude and direction. Collinear vectors can be added algebraically or graphically. The resultant vector is obtained from vector addition. Graphical addition of vectors is performed on a neat, accurate, scale diagram. Non-collinear vectors exist in more than one dimension. The sum of any two or more vectors can be determined graphically or mathematically. Vectors are added by aligning the tail of one vector (origin) with the tip of another vector (terminal point) on a neat, accurate, properly scaled diagram. The vector sum of two or more vectors is called the resultant vector. The resultant vector points from the tail of the first vector to the tip of the last vector being added. To make a vector negative, change its direction. A negative vector has the opposite direction of a positive vector. The magnitude and direction must be stated for the resultant vector, as for any other vector quantity. Vector and scalar operations yield very different results. The two must not be confused.


To add vectors there are two techniques available, geometric addition and algebraic addition. Both yield the same result. The choice of which technique to use in adding vectors depends on the application and is a matter of convenience. Since a vector is defined by its magnitude and direction, changing its location in our reference frame without changing its direction or magnitude leaves it the same vector. We are free to relocate a vector anywhere in our space where we find it convenient. To add vectors geometrically you just place the tail of one at the head of the other. The sum then is a vector from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last.


The algebraic addition of vectors involves simply adding up the like components of the vectors. Imagine a vector with its tail at the origin. The scalar components of that vector are just the coordinates of the head of the vector. Remember that the coordinates where the distances along each axis which defined the position of the head of the vector. To add two vectors, add all the x components together and all the y components. The algebraic addition of vectors works because the sums of the components are the components of the sum.


To break a vector down into its components is called vector resolution. What that means is that it will resolve a vector into its ¡§vector components¡¨ which as stated before the coordinates of the head of the vector when its tail is at the origin. The vector components are the vectors lying along the axes, which add up to the vector that you interested in. Since a vector along an axis has its direction fixed by definition, only its magnitude changes. That means you can uniquely define each component of a vector with just a number, knowing whether we are talking about the x, y or z component. Remember that you could also specify the position of a particle with the scalars, which are called coordinates. There is an obvious relationship between the coordinates of a position and the components of the vector pointing to that position. They are numerically equal. Write your Scalars and VectorsReport research paper


Vectors can be related to the basic coordinate systems, which are used by the introduction of what is called unit vectors. A unit vector is one, which has a magnitude of one and is often indicated by putting a hat on top of the vector symbol. You can define a unit vector in the x-direction by X hat or it is sometimes denoted by I hat. Similarly in the y-direction, you use Y hat or sometimes j hat. Employing multiples of the unit vectors, X hat and Y hat, can now represent any two-dimensional vector. The vector A can be represented algebraically by A = Ax + Ay. Where Ax and Ay are vectors in the x and y directions. If Ax and Ay are the magnitudes of Ax and Ay, then Ax x hat and Ay y hat are the vector components of A in the x and y directions respectively. The breaking up of a vector into its component parts is known as resolving a vector. The representation of A by its components, Ax x hat and Ax y hat is not unique. Depending on the orientation of the coordinate system with respect to the vector in question, it is possible to have more than one set of components.


The scalar product of two vectors a and b is defined to be the real number a & b given by |a||b cos á whereánis the angle between a and b. This is called the scalar product since you can take vectors and produces a scalar (a real number). It is also called the scalar product to distinguish it from the vector product. Since cosá = cos (-á) it is not important to worry about about whether the angle is positive or negative. The relationship between a and b does not need to have the same units. We also need to notice that AB=BA. Which means that A(B+C)=AB+AC.


Given any two vectors A and B, the vector product A x B is defined as a third vector. This is called the vector product or cross product. The magnitude of the vector product is defined as |AxB|=ABsin á. The direction of C=AxB is defined as being given by the right hand rule, whereby you hold the thumb, fore-finger and middle finger of your right hand all at right angles to each other. The thumb represents vector C, the forefinger represents A and the middle finger represents B. The order in which two vectors are multiplied in a cross product is important. AxB=-BxA. If you change the order of the vectors in a cross product fashion, you must change the sign. If A is parallel to B (á=0 degrees or 180 degrees), then AxB=0. If A is perpendicular to B, then |A x B|=AB. The vector product obeys Ax(B+C)=


AxB+AxC.


Below are some examples of the previous material to make sense of it all.


1. Adding Vectors


A plane travels 50km due north and then 70km in a direction of 50 degrees west of north. Find the magnitude and direction of the planes displacement.


180degrees-50 degrees=10degrees


R=sqr(A^+B^-ABcosnáw


R=sqr(50^+5^-(505)cos10)


R=77.km


Sin/B=sin/R


á=(70/77.)sin10


á=.6


sin^-1(.6)=44degrees


The resultant displacement of the plane is 77.km in a direction of 44 degrees west of north.


. Components of a Vector


1. A particle undergoes three consecutive displacements


d1=(0i+40j+10k)cm, d=(5i-15j-4k)cm, and d=(-15i+17j)


Find the components of the resultant displacement and magnitude.


R=d1+d+d


R=(0+5-15)icm +(40-15+17)jcm +(10-4)kcm


R= (0i +4j + 6k)cm


The resultant displacement has components Rx=0cm,Ry=4cm,and Rz=6cm


R=sqr(Rx^+Ry^+Rz^)


R=sqr(0^+4^+6^)=5cm


Its magnitude is 40cm


. Scalar Product


1. The vectors A and B are given by A=4i+5j and B=-i+j. Determine the scalar vector AB


AB=(4i+5j)(-I+j)


=-4iI+4ij-5jI+5jj


=-4(1)+1(0)-5(0)+15(1)


=-4+15=11


4. Vector Product


1. Two vectors lying in the xy plane are given by the equations. Find the product and verify that A x B= -B x A


A=i+4j and B=-I+j


A x B = (i+4j) x (I +j)


= i x j + 4j x (-i) = k+4k=1k


B x A = (-i +j) x (i +4j)


= -I x 4j +j x i = -4k ¡V k= -1k


Therefore A x B = -B x A


There are two basic techniques when adding vectors geometric and algebraic. They will both give you the same result. To algebraically add vectors you just add up the like components. Vector A is represented by A=Ax + Ay where Ax and Ay are vectors in the x,y direction. The scalar product of two vectors A and B is defined by the relationship AB=AB cos Ö where the result is a scalar quanity and Önis the angle between the two vectors. The scalar product obeys the communitive and distributive laws. Given two vectors A and B, the cross product A x B is a vector C having a magnitude C=AB sin Ö where Ö is the angle between A and B. The direction of vector C=A x B is perpendicular to the plane formed by A and B and this direction is determined by the right hand rule.


Please note that this sample paper on Scalars and VectorsReport is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Scalars and VectorsReport, we are here to assist you.Yourpersuasive essay on Scalars and VectorsReport will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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