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Killmer (00), in his article "So much information, so little time Evaluating Web resources
with search engines", states, "An abundance of search engines tools can be used to retrieve information
from the World Wide Web.Search Engine Watch (001) reports that more than 75 search engine tools are
available and provide links to many relevant sources" (P 1).However, in using search engines on the
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web to retrieve information, one must be cognizant of the many deleterious situations one can
encounter with the web page and its search engine.For instance, search engines can retrieve
pages out of context, and one must try to return to the "home page" to determine the source of
information.Another problem with search engines is getting the information filtered.In other
words, it may take a number of "hits" before one reaches the relevant information. The source of
information is difficult to determine because the authorship of the web resource is missing.The
author's qualifications are frequently absent, and the publisher responsibility is often not
indicated on the web page. The instability of web pages is another drawback. Users may not be
able to refer back to a web page because of its constant dynamic changes.
There are a number of ways to gauge the performance of search engines.Three of the key
points are as follows
Key Point Number 1Not all search engines find the same information. Killmer (00) states, "
This can be attributed to the fact that different search engines are used, as well as the fact that each engine
belongs to a different category of search tool" (P 1). Each search engine is different in its own search
capabilities, and needs certain information in order to retrieve the relevant or needed
information.Some search engines are more apt in finding a specific piece of data, document or
site requested, while others retrieve tons of information.Some search engines utilize indexing
software agents often called "robots" or "spiders". These agents are programmed to constantly
"crawl" the web search of new or updated pages.Furthermore, each engine search tool is
dependent and differs in its database for finding information.
Key Point Number Retrieval effectiveness of the search results.Two types of measures are
used to evaluate the retrieval effectiveness of search engines; recall and precision."Recall
measures how well an engine retrieves all the relevant documents, whereas precision measures
how well the system retrieves only the relevant documents" (Blair and Maron 185). In other
words, recall is the percentage of sites we want that were retrieved, while precision is the
percentage of sites retrieved that we want.Figure 1 below depicts a graphical representation of
recall and precision.
Figure 1
In the above figure, U represents the "web universe", all included. Areas A, B, and C, represent
three search engines.In areas A are the sites that we want, but always miss; whereas in area C
are the sites we do not want, but always receive.Areas A plus B are the sites we want to see,
and, areas B plus C are the sites we get in return.The recall process for these three engines is
calculated by dividing Area B by the addition of Areas A and B. Dividing Area B by the sum of
areas B and C calculates the precision process.
Key Point Number . Obtaining different results, using a combination of search engines and
times.If one was to use all 75 search engines, one would not only find a difference in site
content, but also in the results.As Killmer (00) states, "all search engines provide different results,
even if they are simultaneously selected.As noted by Lawrence and Giles (1), the overlap in information
between the various search engines is relatively low, therefore, one obvious conclusion is that combining results
of multiple engines greatly improves coverage of the web in searches" (P 6).
There are two critical thinking questions stem from the use of search engines for the retrieval
of information.First, can meta tags increase the chances of one's web page being found via a
search engine."Effective" meta tags can be used to assist search engines in identifying a site and
giving it a "higher" score when relevant search terms are requested. Secondly, are there dates on
the page to indicate When the page was written? When the page was first placed on the Web?
When the page was last revised?
The date is an indication that the material on the web page is kept current, and as such, the
searched relevant information is up to date. For financial information, is there an indication it
was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is the filing date listed? For material
from the companys annual report, is the date of the report listed?
Relation to Profession.I currently work with ten Department of Defense, Air Force,software-
intensive programs.These programs are web-based, and in the process, are tested for a number
of web related objectives, one of which is the usability of the search engines.In the operational
effectiveness of these programs, we test to ensure the web site provides adequate response times.
We need to determine of concurrent users, and identify the fastest and slowest web pages to be
down loaded.While the number of "hits", page views, or operational users per day are useful
measures for an operational test perspective, a better gauge of the load being applied to a web
site will include the number of transactions per second, the number of concurrent users and the
number of session initiations per hour.
There is a tremendous amount of knowledge and information available on the Web.The most
expeditious and efficient electronic manner to search for documents, data and information is
through one or more of the 75 search engines available in this country.Not all search engines
are created equal.Some need more difined and precise requests to provide the useful and
relevant information.Some differ in their searching capabilities, methods of displaying the
information requested, while others contain their own database.Other search engines, such as
the metasearch engines can search multiple databases simultaneously via a single interface.
Search engines can be used to evaluate web resources. In doing so, one can attest to its
information retrieval effectiveness by the recall and precision methods of measuring wanted or
relevant information.
Reference Killmer, K.A., and Kopul, N.B. (00, August).
So much information, so little time Evaluating Web resources with searchengines.T.H.E Journal, 0(1), 1-.
Figure 1. Graphical Representation of Recall and Precision.
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