Creation or chaos how did the universe begin

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PROFESSOR MURPHY 1

COMPOSITION 1

MARCH 8, 1

THE UNIVERSE; WHO OR WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE

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As the cotton farmer wearily climbed down from his tractor, he looked up into the night sky and wondered.As the reflection of the full moon danced in her eyes, the young girl lost in thought stared into the star filled sky and she began to wonder.As I mounted my motorcycle and rode off toward the setting sun, feeling the warm summernight breeze on my face, I too began to wonder.

Since humans first looked into the sky and beheld the sun, stars, or moon, we have all wondered.What caused all of this to come about?How did it all begin?What caused the universe?

The tales, legends, and folklore of the beginning of the universe are so many, that a team of scholars could not gather them all together.They range from the AristotelianSystem, Geocentric Universe, Heliocentric Universe, to theories by Copernicus, DeSitler, Freidman, Keplers, Newton, to Greek and Roman tales of promiscuous Gods, whose offspring form the elements.(Harrison 70-7)

As technology progressed and knowledge of the universeincreased, (mainly through the invention of more powerful telescopes), a revision of humanitys concept of the universe became necessary.

Davis

For thousands of years, humans thought that they sat at the center of the universe.They believed that a God or Supreme Power had made the earth for them to live on.That all the heavenly bodies, sun, moon, and stars were made to revolve around them.This was the line of thinking right up until the 10s when a revision of the fundamental theory was inevitable, but when the change came it was no mere revision, it was the most dramatic and revolutionary change in the history of human thought.Man was forever removed from his throne at the center of the universe, and the earth on which he dwelt was reduced to ordinary membership in a company of planets revolving around the sun.But in compensation, he became a citizen of a universe greater than any of his elders had dreamed, a universe whose boundaries we have not yet surveyed.(Mason )

This theory was dubbed the Big Bang, due to the fact that it was based on the belief that an explosion of unmeasurable proportions occurred.This explosion was aptly named The Primeval Fireball (Zeilik 41).Please dont picture The Big Bang as happening in the center of the universe and expanding to fill it.The big bang involved the entire universe; every place in it was at creation, which marked the beginning of time and space. (Dixon ,10)

Davis

Because the entire universe was involved, there was no visible point of detonation.The only way to see this point

was to be ouside the universe which by definition is impossible.According to this theory, the farther we go back in time, the hotter and denser the universe becomes.I think its kind of like a bomb going off.The farther the debris flies away from the point of detonation, the cooler and more scattered it becomes.Now if you ran that in reverse, the closer the particles come together, the hotter and denser it becomes, right up until the moment prior to the explosion. (Dixon )This moment of time after the initial explosion of the universe is called the Planck Density. This time lasted about 10 to the-4rd second, or about a trillion, of a trillion, of a trillion, of a trillionth of a second. (Dixon 41)

The other major theory existing today is that of creation.Modern day accounts of creation testify to a Supreme Being or God who created the universe.In some accounts, this period of creation took from 6 days, to 6000 years. They all however rely on the premise that God created the heavens and the earth. (Gen 11)Creationist also state that it was no mere chance explosion but, Due to the abundance of dynamic energy, he also being vigorous in

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power, not one of them {referring to the heavenly bodies} is missing. (Isa 4814)They also contend that the order and harmony in the universe is a positive sign of intelligent design and not a chance happening. I claim that the material universe with its variously designed atoms, and the way they have been used [in] the construction of objects, minerals, vegetables and animals that we see around us, is a sign also of a gigantic Design and Purpose, and is a glorious Work of Art. (Mason 1)If we where to indulge in the concept of a Primordial Fireball causing our existance, then we would have to accept that out of total chaos has come complete order.All on its own with no help from anyone.No the universe is not a chance phenomenon. (Creation of the Universe WMHT 17)

Through carbon dating, there is no disputing that the materials making up the earth and moon are indeed 15-0 billion years old.Both theories agree that an incredible release of energy brought about the universe.Robert Jastrow who wrote the book God and the Astronomers was quoted as saying, Now we see how the astronomical evidence leads to a biblical view of the origin of the world.The details differ, but the essential elements in the astronomical and biblical accounts of Genesis are the sameThe chain of

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events leading to man commenced suddenly and sharply at a definite moment, in a flash of light and energy. (WBATS 11)They both even share the concept of Harmony throughout the universe.If we communicate with beings in another

planetary system and inform them that something has a size in so many meters, an age of so many seconds, and a mass of so many kilograms, they will not understand because their units of measurements are undoubtedly different. {I live on this planet and I dont even know what a meter is.}But they will understand if we say that the size is so many times that of a hydrogen atom, the age of so many times that of a certain atomic period, and the mass is so many times that of a hydrogen atom, simply because their atoms are the same as ours. The universe provides all of us with the same set of natural units of measurements. (Harrison )Both agree on the chronological order of life, starting with the sea life, which would include microorganisms and ending with humans as the final lifeforms.

That is where any similarity ends.

Science maintains thatspontaneous creation is one of the oldest myths, and has no more credibility than the legends and fables of witches and wizards. (Harrison 88) The idea of Spontaneous Creation is exceedingly old, and no doubt was rife in the prehistoric Age of Magic.Science

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also states that the beginning of the universe may have been a stroke of blind luck or because of a fluke in nature.(Harrison 0) Perhaps a previous universe collapsed, or there may have been some interdimensional leakage from some other mega universe (Dixon ,10) {I mean come on, if that was the case, where did the other universes come from.}

Creationists argue that it was not mere chance that caused the universe. He is the Former of the earth, the Creator of the heavens, and the Maker of it. (Isa 4518)

Science also feels that all life rose from a completely sterile enviroment.The earth had reached a temperature of10 to the 68th power degrees Fahrenheit at the Moment of Detonation. (Zelick 465)This extreme temperature would have been more than enough to kill any living organisms, causing complete and total sterility of the universe.Life arose from nonlife. (Zelick 445)

Creation states that life was created or formed, from the ground every wild beast of the field, and every flying creature from the heavens. (Gen 1)Out of the dust of the ground man was formed, and he blew the breath of life

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into his nostrils so that man came to be a living soul. (Gen 7)

Creation or Chaos, Design or Disorder, was there an intelligent life form behind the construction of the universe?Or where we just plain lucky?Some people say, Who cares, just as long as were here.Now shut up and pass me another Budweiser.Then there are others who spend their entire lives trying to find the solution to a question, that may not even have an answer.And then there are those of us that simply wonder.

Albert Einstein once said The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious.It is the source of all true art and science.He to whom the emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead; his eyes are closed (Mason 7

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Famine in Somalia

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Due to drought, floods, and clan warfare a massive famine ravishes the country of Somalia, forcing families to flee from their homes and seek help until foreign intervention can help unite the people of Somalia and make efforts to make the country safe again. With the threat of civil war out of the way, foreign operatives could safely bring in aid to Somalia - in the form of agricultural technology and bulk food.However, until the clan warfare is removed, the problem of drought and overpopulation cannot be dealt with effectively.What may seem like complete shock to the Western world has become a way of life for the inhabitants of this country as they deal everyday with what may seem unthinkable.Most of the world does not fully understand these hunger pains as they live in luxury always having available to them the food of their choice.

(causes) The major source of the famine problems is clan warfare, drought, and floods, but also the importance placed on growing cash crops. Due to the drought, 00,000 people are facing famine. It has been a catastrophic time for farmers. Gedoo, Bay and Bakool are in the sorghum belt which should feed southern and central Somalia. But the floods of 17, which destroyed food stores, have been followed by drought.But they say water is a big problem. In some cases, even when food aid can be delivered to villages, the people cannot stay there because their water supply has finished.Recently, the United Nations World Food Program said food aid was available, but delivery was being severely hampered by continued faction fighting, particularly in Bay and Bakool where the militia loyal to Hussein Aideed is fighting the Rahanwein Resistance Army.The WFP said many parts of the country were too dangerous to work in because food aid trucks were looted and stolen by militiamen.International aid agencies say that almost one-half million people in southern Somalia are threatened with famine because of continued drought.It is a recurring problem, he said. I think you have to look at it in the context of the civil warand understand that each year that there is a crop failure their assets, which is to say their livestock and other things they can sell decrease. So each year its harder and harder for them to get through to the next harvest that succeeds. The situation is deteriorating and we are extremely concerned about it.Somalia has been torn by clan fighting since leader Mohamed Siad Barre was ousted in 11. Since then, heavily armed militias ruled by warlords have divided the country. Last year, exiled Somali leaders established an interim government at a peace conference in neighboring Djibouti, but many clan leaders refuse to recognize the new authority.In the present humanitarian crisis, the World Food Program is trying to get people to stay in their villages so that they are ready for the next planting season.Somalia has enough arable land to feed itself even in the worst drought, and in 187, it actually exported food. Yet there is a famine in Somalia because free food, unloaded year after year at the docks of Mogadishu and in other African countries, has undermined local agriculture and self-sufficiency.Once there is a drought or a civil war in which the normal channels of food distribution are disrupted, there is likely to be a famine. This is true not only in Somalia, but also in many other African countries where free, non-emergency food is distributed.As a result of surplus food shipments, Africas per capita food production has decreased 0 percent since 160.The regions have suffered seven consecutive poor harvests and three poor rainy seasons, drastically reducing crops and livestock, which are the mainstay of the economy.According to recent surveys by UNICEF, malnutrition has reached 0 percent in Rabule,in Hoddur and 1 in Hoddur townships of Bakool region, while Bardera in Gedo region recorded 4 percent each.Wells are also reportedly drying up due to overuse by people, with over-crowding of livestock around the meager water sources.The drought has also forced hundreds of families to migrate to riverine areas south of Baidoa and Mogadishu, while others have crossed to neighboring countries in the hope of finding better conditions there.The security situation in the country has also compounded the already fragile situation, since humanitarian food convoys, though heavily guarded, are often at risk from armed bandits.(puts stuff in about the overpopulation and all that has to do w/ the graphs and what not lol) Imperialism smashed the traditional African cycle of agriculture by demanding that Africans pay taxes in cash. This meant growing crops for sale on national and international markets.The Oth century has seen a huge expansion in the acreage devoted to growing cash crops such as tea, coffee, cotton, rubber, cocoa, and ground nuts. Today much of the most fertile land in Africa is growing cash crops. Half of the food growing land in Senegal is growing peanuts for western margarine firms. Cash crops involve intensive cultivation and the extensive use of fertilizers which has led to land degradation, an increase in desert areas and the poisoning of the water table. The bulk of external debt in Africa is owed to Western governments. External debt and falling commodity prices have had a crippling impact on African economies during the past decade. In the 170s Western banks encouraged many less developed countries to borrow heavily. This borrowing, supposedly for roads and irrigation projects and so on was often siphoned off for personal use by dictators or wasted on useless projects or on arms. The money was borrowed at low interest rates. Interest rates jumped from 6% to 18% in a few years, dramatically increasing the debts. In 10 African debt was double what it was in 180.

(results) This terrible natural disaster has resulted in thousands dead, and hundreds of thousands still starving. More than ,000 people have fled from food shortages in the Juba River Valley. About 6,000 displaced people now live in makeshift camps around the city of Kismayu. In Badera in Southern Somalia up to 00,000 people could face famine because of drought. Malnutrition in children under five years has also recorded an alarming rise in some areas in the country.

While many nations have already supplied short-term aid through food aid, this is not enough to rescue Somalia from the clutches of famine. According to the U.N. it will take well over half a million tons of food to provide for Somalia alone over the next year. Yet only the small amount of 0,000 tons of food is being sent from donor countries monthly to Somalia. ACT members, Diakonie Bread for the World Germany (DBG) and Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) propose to provide assistance to the weakest families through sending food and agriculture inputs of seeds and tools. Delivery of food is being severely hampered by continued faction fighting. Many parts of the country are too dangerous to work in because food aid trucks were looted and stolen by militiamen.Before food aid can be brought into the nation of Somalia, foreign nations must provide a secure environment for humanitarian relief operations in Somalia.While overpopulation and drought may be the underlying sources of the famine, the most important obstacle to overcome is the faction fighting over Somalia.In order to bring aid in the form of food supplies the threat of violence should be eliminated by the collective efforts of several nationslike a task force by the United Nations.The UN created a multinational force to alleviate the problem of warfare in Somalia back in 1, which they entitled the United Nations Operation in Somalia II.Their mission entailed monitoring the activities of all factions to ensure continued termination of hostilities, preventing violence, and protecting personnel bringing relief to the country.The UN cancelled this operation in March 15 because of violent acts on United Nations soldiers.Eight years later the faction fighting continues and the famine spreads like a ravenous avalanche.The United Nations needs to reevaluate the situation in Somalia, and send in personnel to solve the crisis of clan rivalry.If the dispute cannot be resolved diplomatically, the time has come for military intervention if the need arises.In order to save the country from complete destruction, the civil war situation needs to be contained, foreign nations must send food relief, and agricultural reforms must fix the current problems of drought and poor harvests.The world has ignored Somalia for far too long.

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Euthanasia

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Euthanasia

The word euthanasia is derived from the Greek word eu for good and thantos which means death and originally referred to intentional mercy killing. But the word it euthanasia has acquired a more complex meaning in modern times. Proponents of euthanasia believe that a dying patient has the right to end their suffering and leave the world in a dignified manner. Those who contest euthanasia believe that man does not have the right to end another persons life no matter what pain they endure. Euthanasia is one of the most important public policy issues being debated today. The outcome of debate will profoundly affect family relationships, interaction between doctors and patients, and concepts of basic morality. The word euthanasia has acquired a complex meaning in modern times. There are several types of euthanasia and one must define them in order to avoid confusion. Passive euthanasia is the process of hastening the death of a person by withdrawing some form of support and letting nature take its course. Such a act would include removing life-support equipment, stopping medical procedures, stopping food and water and allowing the person to die. Active euthanasia involves causing the death of a person through a direct action in response to request from that person. This is also called mercy killing. Physician assisted suicide is the process of a physician supplying information and or the means of committing suicide to a patient. This would include writing a prescription for a lethal dose of sleeping pills or providing the patient with carbon monoxide gas. Euthanasia has been practiced in some form or another by many societies in our history. In ancient Greece and Rome helping others to die our putting them to death was considered permissible in some situations. In the Greek city of Sparta all newborns with severe birth defects were left to die. Voluntary euthanasia for the elderly was approved custom in several ancient societies. Although euthanasia is widely practiced in the Netherlands it remains technically illegal. In 15 Australias Northern Territory approved a euthanasia bill. It went into effect in 16 and was overturned by the Australian parliament in 17. One may ask, what is the difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide? In euthanasia one person does something that directly kills another. For example a doctor gives a lethal injection to a patient. It assisted suicide, a person knowingly and intentionally provides the means or in some way helps a suicidal person killed himself or herself. For example, a doctor writes a prescription for poison, or someone who hooks up a face mask to a canister of carbon monoxide and then instructs the suicidal person on how to push a lever so that they will be gassed to death. For all practical purposes, any distinction between euthanasia and assisted suicide has been abandoned today. However passive euthanasia is different than other types of euthanasia. Passive euthanasia is the process of hastening the death of a person by withdrawing some sort of treatment. This includes removing life-support, stopping medical procedures and medications, stopping food and water to the patient and thus allowing him to die. Or not delivering C P R or other resuscitating treatment and allowing the person whose heart has stopped to die. Perhaps the most common form of passive euthanasia is to give a patient at large doses of morphine to control pain, in spite of the likelihood of the painkiller suppressing respiration and causing death earlier that it would otherwise have. Many states in the United States and other countries engage in this type of passive euthanasia to what is known as a health-care proxy or do not resuscitate order. These procedures are usually performed on the terminally ill, suffering patients, so that natural death will occur sooner. It is also opted for persons in a persistent vegetative state, individuals with massive brain damage or in a coma from which they cannot possibly regain conscious. During the 0th century, major scientific and medical advances have greatly enhance the life expectancy of the average person. There are however many diseases that cannot be cured by modern medicine. Such diseases like AIDS, terminal cancer, multiples scalrosis. These conditions remain a certain death sentence. These diseases leave the patient in a constant state of pain sometimes lasting many weeks or months. There are however other reasons why a person may feel euthanasia is appropriate. These reasons include the patient feels that the their quality of life has shrunk to zero, they feel the indignities of being cared for as if they were and infant, including being diapered and fed by nurses. Others simply want to die with the dignity before they become sick. Such an example would be a person was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease and would like to end their life before serious dementia overtakes their living. These people feel that they would rather die in full mind and body rather to let themselves live a few more years in a vegetative state or with debilitating dementia that does not allow them to recognize their closest family. Proponents of euthanasia believe that the patient has the right to end their life when it is known that there will not be any recovery and death is imminent. They believe that a human being has the right to die in dignity and a painless death rather than suffer endlessly knowing full well that they will not recover. Those are anti-euthanasia state many reasons for their position. One reason is because euthanasia is contrary to Judeo-Christian ethics. Many religious groups within Christian, Muslim, Jewish and other religions believe that God gave life and therefore only God should take away a.life. Suicide would then be considered as a rejection of Gods sovereignty and loving plan. They feel that we are all masters of our own lives, but thats suicide should never be an option. Many other faith groups believe that human suffering can have a positive value for the terminally ill person and for their direct family. A Roman Catholic document mentions that some people prefer to moderate their use of painkillers, in order to accept voluntary at least a part of their sufferings and thus associate themselves in a conscious way with the sufferings of Christ at the time of crucifixition. Some Jews feel that pain and suffering in this world acts as atonement for sinss and transgressions and may benefit them in entering the world to come. The two main arguments offered by Christians and other religious groups are the following life is a gift from God and that each individual is a gift. Thus only God can start a life and only God should be allowed to end it. Also, God does not send us any experience that we cannot handle. God supports people and suffering. To actively seek an end to ones life would represent a lack of trust in God. Those who are pro euthanasia offer the following arguments each person has autonomy over their own life. If a person's quality of life is nonexistent, they should have the right to decide to commit suicide, and to seek assistance if necessary. Sometimes a terminal patient's pain can cause an unbearable burden, death can represent a relief of intolerable pain. When one discusses euthanasia we must understand that this is a legal view. By passing legislation that allows euthanasia were getting the right to doctors and patients to end their lives. We will be allowing euthanasia to become a procedure practiced in the hospital or hospice. In the end it will just be a matter of procedure such as a blood transfusion or operation. One must ask, by denying the legislation of euthanasia are we in fact denying a person to end their life? The answer to this is no. People do have the power to commit suicide. Suicide and attempted suicide are not criminalized. Each and every year, and the United States alone, there are more suicides than homicides. Suicide is a tragic, individual act. There are several books on the subject of suicide such as Derek Humphrey's "Final Exit". Organizations such as the Hemlock Society have been established to give information on patients interested in ending their own lives. Euthanasia is not about a private act. Its about letting one-person facilitate the death of another. Euthanasia is not about giving rights to the person who dies, it is about changing law and public policy so that doctors, relatives and others can directly and intesinaly end another persons life. This change would not give rights to the person who is killed, but to the person who does the killing. In other words, euthanasia is not about the right to die. Its about the right to kill.

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Homosexuality and discrimination

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in homosexuality and discrimination, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your homosexuality and discrimination paper at affordable prices

Protection laws have been formed, to protect homosexuals against harassment and discrimination. The physical and emotional effects, of harassment and discrimination can be traumatic. Even though many government and business policies have been formed to protect homosexuals against discrimination, they are still physically and emotionally abused because of how society views them.

Recently the number of homosexual related hate crimes has increased. In SanFransisco two gay men walking home, holding hands, were approached by others in a car. The car's passenger asked why they were holding hands, and some words were exchanged. The driver maneuvered the car, pinning one of the men against a wall. The car's passenger then got out of the car and shot the man in the chest. (APA). In Minneapolis, a caller made rude comments to two lesbians and said they would be beaten up. Shortly after there home was burglarized and their cars were vandalized. (APA). These are only a couple, among hundreds, of incidents reported last year. An FBI report shows that out of 7,587 bias-motivated crimes, eleven percent are against homosexuals. (APA). Klanwatch is and organization that monitors hate crimes. They say that the actual statistics are much higher. (APA).

Many psychologists research anti-gay violence. Anthony D'Augelli a psychologist and professor at Pennsylvania State University, studies the extent of harassment of young people. He also studies the impact on their mental health. (AEU). D'Augelli surveyed 14 lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths (ages fifteen to twenty one years) about homosexuality and victimization. "The more people get put upon, the worse they do in terms of mental health," says D'Augelli. (AEU). Suicide attempts cannot be directly related to victimization. Victimization is verbal abuse, attack threats, and or assaults.

In Anthony D'Augelli's survey he found that 11 lesbian, gay, and bisexual undergraduates are victimized. Of those 11 undergraduates, eighty percent were verbally assaulted, forty had objects thrown at them, thirty-one percent were physically assaulted, and twenty-two percent were sexually assaulted. (AEU). Write your homosexuality and discrimination research paper

These acts lead homosexuals; both closeted and uncloseted, to hide their identity. Emotional stress, social problems, and academic difficulties are costs associated with hiding who you are. (APA). Those who have been personally or had a partner, who was victimized, have high levels of depression, anxiety, and anger related to post-traumatic stress. Society constantly tell us that "gays are bad", so many people fear gays. (AEU). It is hard to control or even reduce the amount of homophobia in the world. (APA). This inability to control has allowed for the number to buas-motivated crimes against gay to increase. In many of these crimes, the victim knows their assailant.

All students, gay and straight, have an equal opportunity to education in all public education institutions. The school needs to "provide a safe and secure learning environment". (APA). Open students are in a minority status. In addition, they face harassment and physical violence which leads to a lowered self esteem. On a daily basis gay students, as well as those perceived to be gay, are bullied at school. Of those who are bullied, some are beginning to fight back. (Criminal...). Schools are required to support homosexual students. It is believed that by school supporting homosexuals, the mental and psychological difficulties caused by discrimination will decrease. (LawLink). The rate of discrimination against homosexuals has driven many gay students to hide their sexuality. Therefore, the number of open students in school is very low. ("GLSEN").

In most schools, the number of open students can be counted on one hand. These open students are often insulted. In addition, classmates also throw around homophobic phrases ion classrooms and hallways. ("GLSEN"). When you are an openly gay student, pretty much everyone knows. The fact of everyone knowing that you are gay can lead to you being tormented. To decrease the tormenting many schools have begun to form Gay-Straight Alliances.

Over 800 Gay-Straight Alliances have been formed nationwide. ("GLSEN"). Gay-Straight Alliances do many things for school and those students who attend that school. They lobby in favor of a variety of homosexual causes. They also gain federal and state tax money. A national organization, called PLAG, sponsors lifeline. Lifeline provides up to $500 to a student wish to form a Gay-Straight Alliance at their school. (LawLink). However, staring a Gay-Straight Alliance can be difficult. There are many reasons that it can be difficult to form a Gay-Straight Alliance in your school, including that students meet resistance. It is hard to find a faculty member to support/sponsor the group. Once the difficult part of forming an alliance is done, the alliance begins to do the school some good. Gay-Straight Alliances hole school become a safer place, and creates communication between the groups. After school, gays can face more discrimination on where they decide to go with their lives.

Each year hundreds of men and women join the United States military. In addition, each year 1,000 able body men and women are forced to leave the service. (Koingsberg). By forcing homosexuals to leave the military the United States military wastes twenty seven million in training costs. The Unites States military could save money by letting gays in to the military. Many straight soldiers fear unwelcome advances in showers and living quarters. (Koingsberg). Therefore, discrimination in military is unfair, but necessary. Yet, because the military needs the talents of every person, the United States military has begun a new policy. This policy has four parts "1. Everyone will be judged by conduct not sexuality . Don't ask, don't tell . You must not break the rules 4.everyone must follow."(McCuen). Therefore, the United States military may not knowingly admit bisexuals, lesbians, or gays. The 1,000 men and women who are discharged from the military could have talents that the military needs. A military needs the talents of everyone. (APA).

There are many places where gay in the military work. A few countries that allow gays in their military are; France, Denmark, and Sweden. In France in order for a homosexual to be allowed in their military, they have to prove that they are psychologically normal. In the French military homosexuals are still discriminated against and viewed as weird or silly. In Denmark, military service is mandatory. Since Denmark passed the law stating that service is mandatory, there have been no cases of threats in their military. There is no ban on homosexuality in the Swedish military. Anyone who threatens or persecutes gay lesbian or bisexual in the military is "punished with fines and up to two years in jail." (Koingsberg). Homosexual soldiers in Sweden are prohibited from forming cliques by law. In many countries, homosexuals are also discriminated in the work place.

For those homosexuals who whish to work, the government has set up many policies. It is against the law to discriminated homosexuals in their workplace. It is also against the law to do anything publicly that could encourage hatred. The Equal Employment Opportunity law was amended to include sexual orientation. (APA). In this amendment, they hope to remove misconceptions about homosexuals that have risen in recent years. Homosexuality has NO impairment to personal characteristics such as; judgement, stability, reliability, general social skills, and vocational capabilities. (APA). The question of whether homosexuals should be allowed to be teacher is a hard one, answer greatly by Policy statements on Lesbian and Gay issues.

Homosexuals and the right to become teachers? Homosexuals by law have the right to become teachers. As APA states "no burden shall be placed on these individuals". Therefore, it is also true that it is against the law to discriminate against gay teachers. (LawLink). Homosexuals are harassed in many different places throughout the world.

Even though many government and business policies have been formed to protect homosexuals against discrimination, they are still physically and emotionally abused because of how society views them. Homosexuals face the terrible effects of harassment and discrimination daily. In the future hopefully society will learn that the only difference between being straight and gay is your sexual preference, and not your mentality.

Please note that this sample paper on homosexuality and discrimination is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on homosexuality and discrimination, we are here to assist you.Yourpersuasive essay on homosexuality and discrimination will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Mabo Case and the Doctrine of terra nullius

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Mabo Case and the Doctrine of terra nullius, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Mabo Case and the Doctrine of terra nullius paper at affordable prices !Doctrine of terra nullius

Terra nullius literally means 'land belonging to no one', and referred not only to territory that was inhabited, but also yo territory inhabited by people who had no system of law or social or political organization that was recognised by the English.Instead of recognising the laws and customs that existed at time of colonisation, the British government declared the land of the colony of New South Wales to be terra nullius.

Subsequent legal developments

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The federal Parliament, in response to the Mabo case enacted the Native Title Act 1(Cth).Sectionoutlines the purposes of this Act

•To provide for the recognition and protection of native title

•To establish ways in which future dealings affecting native title may proceed and to set standards for those dealings

•To establish a mechanism for determining claims to native title

•To provide for, or permit, the validation of past acts invalidated because of the existence of native title.

Once native title has been recognised it may only be extinguished with the approval of the holders of the native title, or by compulsory acquisition by the government.

The Mabo and the Wik Case

The Mabo case led to the native title legislation but also gave indigenous Australians recognition.Indigenous Australian traditional land ownership was not recognised under the doctrine or terra nullius.

In 171, Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd (Gove Rights Case) affirmed the applicability of the terra nullius doctrine to Australia.However in 1, the High Court of Australia overturned the doctrine of terra nullius, in the leading case of Mabo v the State of Queensland (No.).Following the case the government passed the Native Title Act.The Act allows indigenous Australians to claim land where they can prove that they have maintained traditional links with it.

In 16, the High Court held in Wik peoples v Queensland that pastoral leases did not extinguish native title.Both pastoral leases and native title could co-exist (A pastoral lease is a grant of rights by the government, pursuant to legislation, to the lease holder to use the land for the purpose of raising livestock or related purposes.Pastoral leases cover over 40% of Australia.)From the Wik decision, indigenous Australians may have the right to continue the traditional uses of the land given to them by native title, in spite of pastoral leases, which have been granted over the land.They would still have to establish that they have title over the land.The decision created much confusion and uncertainty in farming communities.

The Commonwealth Government's response was to publish a 'ten point plan'.

The plan summarised the government's proposed changes to the Native Title Act 1.The Senate rejected the first version.In 18 a revised version of the plan was passed and the Native Title Act was amended to reflect the changes.Under the amendments indigenous Australians rights to negotiate with the Government was abolished.The right to negotiate has been merely replaced with the right to consult.

Land Rights and Native Title Mabo v State of Queensland (No 1)(188)

The case concerned the Murray Islands, in the Torres Strait, with a total land area ofsquare kilometres.The Murray Islands were annexed to Queensland in 187(in other words, became part of Queensland.).The original occupants were known as the Meriam people, who settled several generations before European Contact.

In 18, three Murray IslandersEddie Mabo, David Passi and James Rice brought an action in the High Court of Australia against the State of Queensland.They claimed that Queenslands sovereignty (ownership) over the Murray Islands was subject to the land rights of the islanders based on local custom and traditional title.

They attempted to claim that

•That the Meriam people are entitled to the Murray Islands as owners; or as possessors; or as occupiers; or as persons entitled to use and enjoy the islands; and

•That the State of Queensland has no power to extinguish the Meriam people's title.

Issues

The plaintiffs, Mabo and others, claimed that

•A system of native title existed on the Torres Strait Island of Mer; and

•Native titles are recognised under common law

The defendant, the State of Queensland argued that

•Native titles were not apart of Australian law; and, in the Alternative,

•The 185 Act retrospectively extinguished any native titles (in other words, applied 'back in time' to override any claims to native titles which might have existed before the Act was passed.).

The Queensland Coast Island Declaratory Act 185 (QLD)

Section three of the above Act provided that the annexation by the crown in 187, became owned by the Crown, free of all other rights, interests and claims.By passing the law, the Queensland Government hoped to stop any potential claims for land rights by the Torres Strait Islanders.

Decision

The first decision, the High Court Of Australia made did not address whether native title existed in Australia.The High Court found that the Queensland Coast Island Declaratory Act 185 (QLD) was trying to limit the land rights of Torres Strait Islanders, simply due to their race.The Act would have meant that the land rights of the Torres Strait Islanders would have been different to other groups.Therefore, the High Court held that the 185 Act was invalid because of Section 10 of the Racial Discrimination Act 175(Cth).Section 10 of the Racial Discrimination Act held that no law could limit the rights of a particular group on the grounds of race.

The High Court then referred the matter back to the Queensland Supreme Court for determination of the facts of the case, before going to consider the issue of Native Title in the Mabo case (no ).

Mabo v the State of Queensland (No.)(1)

Justice Moynihan of the Queensland Supreme Court visited the Murray Islands in order to gather evidence.

Issues

The main issue was whether the annexation of the Murray Islands by Queensland in 187 had the effect of vesting in the Crown absolute ownership of all land in the Murray Islands, thereby extinguishing native title.

Decision

Briefly, the High Court held

•That the Meriam people are entitled to possess, occupy, use and enjoy the Murray islands.

•That the State of Queensland has the power to extinguish the Meriam people's title, as long as it exercises that power validly and in a manner consistent with Commonwealth Laws.

On the issue of terra nullius, the High Court said

The terra nullius doctrine is not apart of Australian Law.The historical facts do not fit the 'absence of law' or the 'barbarian' theory, which underpinned the reception of English law into Australia.Thus, the notion that Australia was terra nullius was dismissed by the High Court in Mabo.

On the issue of Crown sovereignty, the High Court said

The common law of England, which applied to the colony of New South Wales, included the general system of land law.One of the basic principles of that land law was and still is that the Crown is the ultimate owner of all land.The practical effect was to enable the English system of private land ownership to be observed in the colony.But this did not mean that any traditional native interests in the land existed under native law or custom at the time the colony was established could not be preserved and protected.

On the issue of common law recognition of native titles, the High Court stated that

•The recognition and protection of native title interests extended to traditional interests to use or enjoy land;

•The interest would normally belong to a community or group, but it could belong to an individual;

•The interest could relate to lands that were cultivated, or lands left uncultivated but which, under the law or custom observed in the territory, were traditional homelands or hunting grounds.

What common law required was that the group claiming native title interests

•Must have maintained their traditional identity and system of culture and customs

•Must have maintained a substantial connection with the land

•Had interests that, under customary law, entitled a group to occupy and use the particular land claimed

The High Court also held that indigenous Australians continued to hold native title so long as they have maintained their traditional links with the land or until the government takes lawful action to extinguish their native title.The Court, however, denied that indigenous Australians had the right to claim compensation.

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Meyers Briggs Leadership Analysis

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Meyers Briggs Leadership Analysis. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Meyers Briggs Leadership Analysis paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Meyers Briggs Leadership Analysis, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Meyers Briggs Leadership Analysis paper at affordable prices !1. Meyers-Briggs Keirsey Sorter Personality Test classifies temperament into four general types -

i)Artisans ii) Guardians iii) Idealists iv) Rationals

Each of these temperament categories are further subdivided according to specific traits and characteristics into INTP, ENTP, INTJ, ENTJ etc. After taking the Keirsey Sorter Personality Test I found myself belonging to the Rational Temperament Category with the ENTJ type. This represents a character of Field Marshall's who are very good in marshalling and organizing their resources through systematic planning. The most important trait of this temperament is that the people believe that they have a rationale for everything they do and that whatever they do makes sense. They always have some logic or reasoning behind their actions and try to be very analytical in their approach. Though the Field Marshall's are very structured and systematic, these qualities are often overshadowed by their rapidly growing skills in organizing. They have some similarities with the Supervisor type which is evident by their tendency to establish plans for a task, enterprise or organization, but they search more for policy and goals rather than regulations and procedures. The Field Marshall's are often motivated by goal directed reasons for doing a task rather than feelings and intuition. Efficiency and effectiveness are the trademarks of a good Field Marshall.

Thus the Field Marshall's have good organizational and coordinating skills which means that they are likely to be good at systematizing, ordering priorities, generalizing, summarizing, analyzing and at marshalling resources.

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) The character sketch of a Field Marshall is in concord with my personality type. I am person who is very logical and methodical in my work. I am often described as a person whose "Head rules the heart". I have a very analytical mind and always try to do things in a step by step approach. This has been reflected a number of times during my projects, which I have done in other courses. After receiving the project I do not hasten into it and immediately start working on it, instead I spend a few days in figuring out the problem, then developing ways to solve it and once all this has been done, get down to executing it. I am only convinced into doing something if it has a rationale behind it rather than emotional content. I am very systematic in my work and try to do everything according to a preplanned schedule. I maintain a calendar and have all the things to do and important dates noted down. I also love organizing and managing events which has been evident from the fact I organized a couple of cultural shows as well as a college fest during my undergraduate years. During these events another strong characteristic which became overt was my ability to come up with backup plans whenever something went out of order. Thus a majority of the traits of my personality relate to the characteristics of a Field Marshall as described by Keirsey Sorter and so I would say that this test definitely represents a true image of my personality.

) Different people have different personalities and each personality has its own strengths and weaknesses. Some of the strengths and weaknesses of my personality type are listed below

Strengths

i)Good at marshalling resources and organizational skills

These skills come into play while organizing some big event or a function where all the resources have to be appropriately utilized. Eg. The person organizing a career fair.

ii)Highly developed analytical skills and very systematic and structured in performing tasks. They also have uncanny ability to organize units into smooth functioning systems to achieve short term and long term objectives.

iii)Eg These qualities are very important to people in positions of Production Managers. The managers have to carefully plan, schedule and execute and the production of a component in coordination with other departments.

iv)They have tireless devotion to their jobs

They are very dedicated and motivated to their jobs which leads them to be sometimes over engrossed in their work

v)They are very tolerant of established procedures and are also capable of abandoning these procedures if it comes in the way of accomplishing their goals.

Eg Consider a bureaucratic organization in which the communication and flow of information takes place only according to the chain of command. In this case the Field marshals would disregard this procedure if they feel that the information to be conveyed is more important in terms of achieving the organizations goals.

vi)All these above qualities when put together makes them very effective and efficient

Weaknesses

i)Structural and functional engineering techniques as practiced in organizations are not that highly developed as compared to organizational skills.

Eg these people tend to concentrate more organizing and executing a project rather than the technical details of the project

ii)Less desire to communicate the results of their efforts to others

Eg They might be working on an innovative idea which if implemented might result in great benefits. They are generally less inclined to disclose the progress they have made, unless they are absolutely certain that their plans have been a success. They lose out on valuable opinion and insights other people might have to offer.

iii)They cannot build organizations and even more so cannot push to implement their goals

Eg A typical example here would be of bright engineer who comes up with a great idea and puts it across to the management, and does not persist with it once the management rejects the idea.

iv)They may often have to turn to an inventor or architect to come up with new and innovative ideas since they are often to engrossed in doing things the logical way and thereby lose their creative touch.

v)Their tireless devotion to their jobs mentioned as a strength above could sometimes be detrimental as they could easily block out other areas of their life for the sake of work.

vi)They often do not take into account people's feelings while doing things and are only motivated by rationale, which might lead to sour relationships.

. Managers and leaders have contrasting styles and characteristics. Managers thrive in a orderly work environment whereas a leader would thrive in a more chaotic environment. Managers goals arise out of necessities rather than desires and they tend to adopt impersonal attitude towards goals. They are known to be problem solvers with emphasis on rationality and control. They tend to view work as an enabling process involving some combination of people and ideas interacting to establish strategies and make decisions. They help the process by calculating the interests in opposition, planning when controversial issues should surface and reducing tensions by acting as mediators. In terms of relating with other people managers prefer to work with people avoiding solitary activity. The need to seek out others with whom to work and collaborate stand out as an important characteristic of managers. They relate to people according to the role they play in decision-making and they may lack empathy or the capacity to sense intuitively the thoughts and feelings of others. Managers strive for a win-win situation by trying to reconcile differences between people and maintaining the balance of power. Managers thus make the organizations fatter in bureaucratic and political intrigue and leaner in direct, hard activity and warm human relationships. They are linked in a process whose purpose is to maintain a controlled as well as rational and equitable structure.

Leaders adopt personal and active attitude towards goals. Leaders always look around for potential opportunities, inspire subordinates and fire up the creative process with their own energy. Leaders views on work are totally opposite to that of managers. Where managers act to limit choices, leaders develop fresh approaches to long-standing problems and open issues to new problems. They are temperamentally disposed to seek out risk and danger, especially where the chance of opportunity and reward appears promising. Leaders are primarily concerned with ideas of people and this forms their basis developing relationships. They relate in more intuitive and empathetic ways. They attract strong feelings of identity and difference or of love and hate. Human relations often appear turbulent, intense and at times even disorganized. Thus their relationships with employees and coworkers are often dynamic and therefore considering all the above aspects their work environment appears to be chaotic.

Please note that this sample paper on Meyers Briggs Leadership Analysis is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Meyers Briggs Leadership Analysis, we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on Meyers Briggs Leadership Analysis will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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CREATING WORLDWIDE MARKET DOMINATION

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on CREATING WORLDWIDE MARKET DOMINATION. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality CREATING WORLDWIDE MARKET DOMINATION paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in CREATING WORLDWIDE MARKET DOMINATION, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your CREATING WORLDWIDE MARKET DOMINATION paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!McDonalds has dominated the fast food industry for nearly three decades. With global sales of over $40 billion, its closest competitor, Burger King, would need over $7 billion in sales to take over the number one position in the industry. (Dailey, 000, p. 8) The company has achieved prosperity through the application of highly successful marketing procedures first in the United States, and then globally.These procedures include (1) educating their consumers, and () brand consistency.

When McDonalds first opened, they served people quickly and efficiently. Thats one of the things that appealed to Ray Kroc when he opened his own franchise. (McDonalds History, 001.) People learned to expect fast service and consistent food at each McDonalds as they opened across the country.

When McDonalds spread globally, they had to reeducate their consumers. Many customers were not familiar with the American menu of burgers, fries and shakes, or the concept of quick service. (Editors, 1, p. 1) Their first television ads in the United Kingdom showed the food, the restaurants, and stressed that McDonalds was new and different. (Editors, 1, p. )

McDonalds continued this marketing strategy as they opened other worldwide restaurants, and tailored their marketing to the local population. For example, in I6 in India, fast food was already a well-known concept. McDonalds tailored its menu to non-beef items like the Fish Sandwich, the McChicken Sandwich, and the Vege Burger with cheese. Consumers were already aware of the fast food concept, so McDonalds concentrated on building traffic. Their strategy was simple. Get them in. Trade them up. Get them back. (Shatrujeet, August 000)

Educating the consumer in India began with educating the fathers, who usually make the decision where to eat when the family eats out. Marketing studies showed that fathers thought of McDonalds as a drag on the wallet. To educate fathers on the value of McDonalds, television ads were created that showed the value of ice cream cones, and also showed McDonalds as more than just a restaurant, they treated it as a destination. (Shatrujeet, June 000)

McDonalds encourages their owners to be innovative. It was a Canadian restaurant owner who first created the McFlurry, by adding bits of candy bars to his milkshakes. McDonalds liked the idea, and adopted it system-wide. (Venkatarman, 000)

Brand consistency has always been a number one priority with McDonalds. Their food and restaurants are as recognizable in Hong Kong as they are in Hannibal, Missouri. This total reliance on consistency is McDonalds most effective marketing strategy, and has been for decades. The almost military planning of the company means that, from Birmingham to Beijing, if you walk into a McDonalds and order a Big Mac and fries, you know how it will taste and what the wrapping will look like. (Editors, 1, p. 1)

The company creates standards for everything from style of dress to exactly how much ice should be in each cup of soda. This strategy makes the consumer comfortable with the McDonalds brand, no matter where they are in the world. McDonalds is the most recognizable brand in the world. Their strict attention to detail has helped vault them into this position, and helps maintain their dominance over their competitors.

MARKETING MIX STRATEGY

A companys marketing mix is the combination of factors employed with respect to the Four Ps of marketing ? product, price, place, and promotion.McDonalds application of the Four Ps is discussed for each factor.

Product Strategies

As weve discussed, the product strategies employed by McDonalds include brand consistency and assessing location when creating a product mix. In India, beef is not served on the menu. A lamb burger called the "Maharajah Mac" is served as the mutton version of the Big Mac. In Israel, kitchens are maintained to Kosher standards, and in Saudi Arabia they close five times per day so customers and employees can pray. (Venkatarman, 000)

Company officials insist that their 6,000 restaurants have been uniquely shaped by the local cultures of the countries and regions in which they operate. They call this multilocalism." (Venkatarman, 000)

McDonalds also responds to consumer change, and add to their product mix when consumer tastes change. When consumers began demanding healthier fast food, McDonalds responded with items like the McSalad Shaker, and Fruit 'n Yogurt Parfait. (McDonalds Nutrition, 001) This flexibility, even when blended with such strict brand consistency, gives consumers more choices, and helps keep them coming back to try new menu items.

Pricing Strategies

Pricing strategies since the first McDonalds opened have always been to offer competitive pricing, with good value for the customers dollar. In many countries, prices are kept extremely low on some items to bring in customers, and keep them coming back. So sprung the Happy Meal concept, where kids got a burger, a Coke and a toy, all for Rs 45. (Incidentally, the toy alone cost more than the meal.) The value-for-money proposition hit home. Another pull was the ice cream cone for Rs . (Shatrujeet, June 000)

These strategies are employed throughout the company, and revised for each country and location. Marketing has been de-centralized from the corporate headquarters. Now, advertising is handled separately in each country, and is geared more specifically to each market and its consumers.

Place Strategies

McDonalds place strategies include global expansion and fast food dominance. Brazil is a prime example of how McDonalds franchises operate at the community or country level. In Brazil, McDonalds employees and suppliers are all local. The potatoes and beef cattle are raised in the Brazilian countryside. (Venkatarman, 000) Not only does this strategy keep products fresher and readily available for delivery to the consumer, it also adds to the local economy.

Its been said that distribution is a key component of a competitor or branding. McDonalds place strategies keep them number one in the fast-food market.

Promotion Strategies

As weve discussed, promotions often stress value to the consumer, and also may promote some products at a loss in order to bring in customers. Global marketing strategies are geared to the locale, and owners are encouraged to gear their menus to local tastes, as well as the global standards of the company. In India, for example, The new baselineMcDonald's mein hai kuch baat - is in keeping with the 'make Mac the destination' strategy. McDonald's is not a 'food place' alone. It's an experience. (Shatrujeet, June 000)

CONCLUSION

Is all of McDonalds global marketing successful? No. Witness the famed McLibel court case in Britain in 17. McDonalds sued two British environmentalists for leaflets they handed out, which took a negative view of the company and its products. McDonalds won the case, but lost their image in Britain. Almost overnight, McDonalds was being talked of in the same breath as the worst excesses of American corporate culture. (Editors, 1, p. 4)

Even with an occasional PR disaster, McDonalds is the most recognizable brand in the world, outpacing even Coca-Cola in popularity and recognition. McDonalds has created their global dominance by building a continually consistent brand, value for the consumer, and educating consumers in the nuances of fast food. It is almost impossible to fathom what might topple McDonalds, forcing the burger behemoth to bid adieu to the No. 1 slot it has so formidably carved out. (Dailey, 000, p. 8)

References

McDonalds Corporate - Financial Press Release 01/4/001. McDonalds Corporation. 4 January, 001.

http//www.mcdonalds.com/corporate/press/financial/001/014001/index.html

Editors of Forbes. McDonalds on the Forbes 500. Forbes Magazine. 001.

http//www.forbes.com/finance/lists/8/000/LIR.jhtml;$sessionid$0RYKOYAABWA1QFIAGWCFFI?passListId=8&passYear=000&passListType=Company&uniqueId=LPV&datatype=Company

McDonalds Corporate - History. McDonalds Corporation. 001.

http//www.mcdonalds.com/corporate/info/history/index.html

Dailey, Patricia B. Numbers Game. Restaurants & Institutions 15 July 000

v110, i1, p8.

Editors.How McDonalds Conquered the UK. Marketing 18 February 1

pps. 1-5.

Shatrujeet, N.McDonalds Pumping up the Volumes. AgencyFaqs!August 000 http//www.agencyfaqs.com/www1/news/stories/000/08//56.html

Shatrujeet, N. McDonalds Bringing up Father. AgencyFaqs! 1 June 000 http//www.agencyfaqs.com/www1/news/stories/000/06/01/44.html

Venkatarman, Bina. McDonalds' 'Multilocalism. The Earth Times 0 June 000

http//www.earthtimes.org/jun/business_investingmcdonaldsjun0_00.htm

Please note that this sample paper on CREATING WORLDWIDE MARKET DOMINATION is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on CREATING WORLDWIDE MARKET DOMINATION, we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on CREATING WORLDWIDE MARKET DOMINATION will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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WITH CLOSE REFERENCE TO THE TEXT, EXPLORE THE CHARACTER OF IAGO, HOW HE IS PRESENTED TO THE AUDIENCE, HOW WE ARE GIVEN AN INSIGHT INTO HIS PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATIONS.

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on WITH CLOSE REFERENCE TO THE TEXT, EXPLORE THE CHARACTER OF IAGO, HOW HE IS PRESENTED TO THE AUDIENCE, HOW WE ARE GIVEN AN INSIGHT INTO HIS PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATIONS.. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality WITH CLOSE REFERENCE TO THE TEXT, EXPLORE THE CHARACTER OF IAGO, HOW HE IS PRESENTED TO THE AUDIENCE, HOW WE ARE GIVEN AN INSIGHT INTO HIS PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATIONS. paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in WITH CLOSE REFERENCE TO THE TEXT, EXPLORE THE CHARACTER OF IAGO, HOW HE IS PRESENTED TO THE AUDIENCE, HOW WE ARE GIVEN AN INSIGHT INTO HIS PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATIONS., therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your WITH CLOSE REFERENCE TO THE TEXT, EXPLORE THE CHARACTER OF IAGO, HOW HE IS PRESENTED TO THE AUDIENCE, HOW WE ARE GIVEN AN INSIGHT INTO HIS PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATIONS. paper at affordable prices

In the play 'Othello' by William Shakespeare, we are introduced to the character of Iago at a very early stage. From the outset, we see that he is the main protagonist in the play and that he engineers situations to his advantage. In some respects, however, the audience may feel sorry for Iago, as he has been denied the post of lieutenant. This refusal, nonetheless, is the basis of all the underlying schemes and manipulations from Iago in the play.

Generally, Iago is seen as a determined character. At the beginning of the play we see him as a malevolent and bitter person. He is manipulative in his ways, and twists many situations for his own benefit. All his actions have malicious intent and this makes him very disruptive. However, he is a very intelligent and ambitious person, but it is evident from the start that he uses this in the wrong way.

In the very first scene of the play, we see Iago's deceitful character in action. He has just been denied the post of lieutenant by Othello and is rather upset and annoyed. He decides to, "wear his heart upon his sleeve" and act as if he is loyal and trustworthy to Othello, when actually he is plotting against him. The first stage of his plan is to let Othello and Desdemona's secret be known to Desdemona's father Brabantio. Iago goes round to Brabantio's house and lets him know that his daughter is going to marry Othello. Brabantio is upset when he hears this and when it is proven he disowns Desdemona. He also reports it to the senate, as a black man marrying a white woman was not a common event. This puts Othello in a very difficult position, thanks to Iago.

Another example of Iago influencing a situation is when he provokes a fight between Montano and Cassio. Despite Cassio telling Iago, "I have very poor and unhappy brains for drinking." He is still persuaded into taking a drink. The end result is a fight, which finishes with Cassio being demoted from the post of lieutenant. This puts Iago into a brilliant situation as the place of lieutenant is now free, all Iago needs to do is prove himself to Othello so he can get the job.

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When looking at the language that Iago uses, it is unmistakable that he is a quick-witted, bright person. Immediately after the fight, there is a dialogue between Iago and Cassio in which Cassio is distraught over losing his reputation. However, Iago manages to change Cassio's mind about reputation and makes him realise that it isn't that important. "You have lost no reputation at all, unless you repute yourself such a loser." Iago later contradicts himself in a conversation with Othello by saying, "he that filches from me my good name, robs me of that which not enriches him and makes me poor indeed." These lines, along with others emphasise Iago's skills in utilizing situations to his own advantage.

In this case, Iago creates a situation with which he seizes the fantastic opportunity that he has made. Cassio is in desperate need to regain his reputation; he also has a thriving relationship with DesdemonaOthello's wife. Desdemona is in the position to persuade Othello to do anything and Othello is not on good terms with Cassio. Iago therefore sets up a situation to make it look like Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. "Our general's wife is now the general…Confess yourself freely to her, importune her help to put you in your place again." By saying this, Cassio will now ask Desdemona to persuade Othello to allow Cassio to regain his lieutenant ship. "…and I'll devise a mean to draw the Moor out of the way, that your converse and business may be more free." All Iago has to do now is put the thought into Othello's mind that his wife is having an affair.

In doing this, Iago reveals his cunningness. He 'poisons' Othello's mind by saying things like "I speak not yet of proof." Or, "In sleep I heard him say, 'Sweet Desdemona, let us be wary, let us hide our loves.' … and then cried, 'Cursèd fate that gave thee to the Moor.'" This last quote particularly got to Othello as it gave him as close to hard evidence that he was going to get. However, he doesn't seem to realise that Iago is making it all up. At this point in the play, Othello is having doubts as to how true his wife is being to him, but he has not seen any real proof, only hearsay from Iago. This shows just how sly Iago is at keeping things low-key, and keeping himself hidden from blame.

Iago gives the real proof that Othello needs to him in a very clever way. His determination to make his plot go to plan is shown when he involves more innocent people. With Othello hiding out of sight, but within earshot, Iago questions Cassio of the courtesan Bianca with whom he often courts. Othello, in the meantime, is thinking that Cassio is talking about Desdemona. "He, when he hears of her, cannot refrain from the excess of laughter … As he shall smile, Othello shall go mad; and his unbookish jealousy must construe poor Cassio's smiles, gestures, and light behaviours quite in the wrong." This situation shows how much of Iago's plan relies on other people and their actions. Iago himself is taking a huge risk and hoping that the people he uses react in the ways he needs them to. However, the audience won't be able to help but think that, no matter what the situation is, Iago will manage to manipulate it to suit his own needs.

Another example of Iago's calculating and deceitful nature is that none of the characters realise that Iago has an underlying plot beneath all the arousing situations. This can be explained by the fact that Iago tells people what they want to hearwhether he believes it or notand manages to put a convincing face on what he's saying. "Emilia He called her a whore … Iago Why did he so? … Desdemona I do not know … Iago Alas the day! … Beshrew him for't!" In this situation, Iago tells Desdemona what she needs to hear to make her feel better, when actually he is the root of all her problems. She, however, finishes off the conversation by saying, "O good Iago … Good friend …" This shows just how subtle and underhand Iago actually is.

The selfish aspect of Iago really shows at the end of the play when he has been found out. Even when all the proof and evidence needed is there; he still denies that he had anything to do with the recent events. The conversation with his wife Emilia shows this to great effect. "… I found it and did give't my husband. Iago Filth, thou liest!" this scene, when Emilia is telling everyone the truth, shows just how selfish and villainous Iago is. The fact that he then stabs his wife to stop her letting any other information out, shows just how determined and malevolent he is. The last thing Iago says in the play is, "Demand me nothing; what you know, you know. From this time forth I will never speak a word."

In conclusion, it is evident to see just how bitter a character Iago is, the way he uses people to his own advantage and seems to have no remorse when doing so emphasises this. Although he pretends to get on with everyone, and he is often called 'honest' and 'good', inside he is a deceitful, vindictive and self-serving character. He has great intelligence and is very confident and assertive, but unfortunately he uses this gift in completely the wrong way, and ends up being very destructive and disruptive. Worst of all, he inflicts a lot of physical and mental pain on the majority of people he interacts with. It is obvious from the beginning to the audience that he is the 'baddy', but by the end of the play, they just think he is a sick and twisted monster.

Please note that this sample paper on WITH CLOSE REFERENCE TO THE TEXT, EXPLORE THE CHARACTER OF IAGO, HOW HE IS PRESENTED TO THE AUDIENCE, HOW WE ARE GIVEN AN INSIGHT INTO HIS PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATIONS. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on WITH CLOSE REFERENCE TO THE TEXT, EXPLORE THE CHARACTER OF IAGO, HOW HE IS PRESENTED TO THE AUDIENCE, HOW WE ARE GIVEN AN INSIGHT INTO HIS PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATIONS., we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom research papers on WITH CLOSE REFERENCE TO THE TEXT, EXPLORE THE CHARACTER OF IAGO, HOW HE IS PRESENTED TO THE AUDIENCE, HOW WE ARE GIVEN AN INSIGHT INTO HIS PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATIONS. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Creating a New Internet Business

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Brawny Luggage Inc. began as a single store in a small city in the Atlanta region. They provided their customers with low-priced luggage and with a staff that would guide them in selecting a bag. Today they store has grown regionally due to their efforts to provide their customers with good service. Brawny Luggage now is looking to enter the Internet by establishing a website to expand their market and provide better services to their regional customers.

1.What Internet business model would be appropriate for Brawny Luggage Inc. to follow in creating a website

The Brawny Luggage Inc. website would follow the Virtual Storefront business model. Brawny would sell physical goods online aside from selling them in a physical storefront and or retail outlet.

The goods would be purchased with a credit card or online check (other methods of payments will have to be evaluated.) After the transaction is approved the product would be shipped directly to the customer. The Brawny Luggage Inc. website will provide customers with a notice of purchase through e-mail as well as physically attaching this notice to the product they purchase.

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This method is one of the most common online transaction systems. Many small business around the United States are developing this type of websites and soon a transactional website will me not be an advantage but a requirement.

.In what ways can Brawny Luggage Inc. benefit from the website?What function should the website perform for the company? (Marketing, sales, customer support internal communication etc.)?

Brawny Luggage will receive numerous benefits from establishing a transactional website. The most beneficial aspect of having a website is the ability to have global connectivity. The Internet's global connectivity, ease of use, low cost, and multimedia capabilities can be used to create interactive applications, and to provide services and products. A website that is well-implement and applied correctly can reduce communication and transaction costs, enhance coordination and collaboration, and accelerate the distribution of knowledge

The value of having a well-placed website in the Internet is its ability to easily and inexpensively connect many people from many places all over the globe. This allows the Brawny Luggage expansion to be technically unlimited (if well advertised around the web.)

A website also reduces communication cost. Instead of the taking hundreds of phone calls a day, Brawny Luggage could develop a customer support area in their site. This would allow customers to ask questions about products, warranties etc. Those questions would then be forwarded to the right person who would provide the customer with an answer as soon as possible

The website would also lower transaction cost. Businesses have found that conducting transactions electronically can be done at a fraction of the cost of paper-based processes. Using Internet technology reduces these transactions costs even further.

A website would also decreases agency costs. A successful website climates the expenses normally incurred in opening physical stores in different regions. This not only includes the cost of the physical building space, but also management cost, and employees and inventory cost.

A great thing about having a website is that it has interactivity, flexibility and customization. A website can interact with the user, unlike printed media. Well-developed graphic design can attract users to an area of the site that the company wants to promote (one must be careful, as this could irritate the user.) A website is also flexible. It can be changed completely without affecting the backend system and it can also be customized to what customers want.

.In what other ways might Brawny Luggage Inc. use the Internet for its own benefit?

There are many ways that Brawny Luggage could benefit from the Internet. The Internet would not only provide them with a better way of selling to customers, but also a better way of purchasing from suppliers. It would also provide them with better, cheaper and faster communication with their suppliers.

The Internet could also provide them with access to their accounts. Brawny could manage customers and view their business from anywhere in the world. The CEO could be on vacation is Aruba and could see the number of sales the company had in the last 8 hours by simply using his cell phone or PDA. All of the transactions made by the company would be automatically input in a database. This database then could be administered and reviewed 4 hours a day.

Brawny could also develop an Extranet. The Extranet would only be available to employees. There they could check inside company information such as sales statistics, due dates, news, projects and even company e-mail (This would required cost-analysis before implementation.)

4.Prepare functional specifications for the company's use of the Web and the Internet. Include links to and from other sites in your design.

Brawny Luggage can access millions of sites that contain useful information by using the Internet. Brawny Luggage is a luggage company so it should evaluate other luggage companies and see how its competitors are taking advantage of the Internet.

The Luggage Factory Outlet has developed a site that provides customers with different brands of luggage of all sizes and occasion. Brawny Luggage can evaluate the Luggage Factory Outlet site and base its functional specifications on that site. Brawny Luggage could develop a small site that would provide the customer with general information about the company, show their products and allow customers to purchase them. Brawny Luggage could also develop a page that would allow the customer to contact them if any problems occurred or if they had any general questions. Other pages could be created that would have content about guarantees, security and order status.

The site could be linked to other non-luggage sites such as travel websites, insurance sites etc. Linking to luggage suppliers might take away business from Brawny Luggage. This is how the basic site would be laid out

5.Prepare a cost-benefit analysis of a proposal to implement Brawny Luggage Inc.'s use of the Internet.

Before developing its Internet-based projects, Brawny Luggage should do a cost-benefit analysis to be more confident in completing a successful project. When dealing with a cost-benefit analysis, the company must look at its cost in relation to both tangible and intangible benefits. A tangible benefit is a benefit that can be quantify and assigned monetary value. These may include lower operational costs and increased cash flow. Intangible benefits are benefits that are not easily quantified. This may include more efficient customer service and enhanced decision-making.

So, what are the costs when dealing with the Internet? First, be able to access the Internet a computer would generally be needed; therefore, hardware would have to be purchased. Another cost would be a required Internet Service Provider (ISP). This would be needed if accessing the Internet via modem or network. Also, there might be software cost, depending on the function of the use of the Internet. Software such as Dream Weaver or FrontPage would be needed for the design or/and maintenance of the site (If site being developed/maintained internally.) Also, software such as Photoshop or Paint Shop Pro would be needed for graphic design. Technical maintenance costs may be incurred. This would cover troubleshooting, etc. Personnel also may have to be added. People to do Internet research or maintenance may be needed to increase the Internets productivity.

The tangible benefits that the company would obtain from the Internet might include an increase in productivity, lower operation costs, a reduction of work force, lower supplier costs and reduction of facilities.

The Internet can increase productivity because it enables the company to complete tasks is less time. Lower operation costs can be available when a website is implemented, decrease paper usage, advertisement and printing costs. If a website is developed, it can also reduce the general work force. The site would be available 4hrs a day, no matter the customer's location (Unless there is not Internet available.)Lowering outside vendor cost may save the company a great deal of money. By having Internet access the company could find online suppliers that might give them better prices or even better products. If a well-developed site is created, the company could also reduce its facility cost.

The intangible benefits that could be achieved by Internet implementation include more timely information, better corporate image, higher client satisfaction, improved operations, improved decision making, better market segmentation and even the ability to develop as technology continually develops and changes and to stay abreast of the latest technology trends.

Please note that this sample paper on Creating a New Internet Business is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Creating a New Internet Business, we are here to assist you.Yourpersuasive essay on Creating a New Internet Business will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Role of Supernatural in Macbeth

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The Role of the Supernatural in Shakespeare's Macbeth

The infamous story of Macbeth is a tragic tale of an honorable man who makes a decision to sin, causing him to rapidly become an evil tyrant.The play begins with the self-titled lead character as a noble soldier who is loved and adored by his king and many of the townspeople.Upon hearing of the chance that he could be king himself one day, however, his character starts to go awry.Unable to stand the suspense of waiting to become king as his supposed "fate" beholds, he usurps the throne in an untimely fashion by murdering the present one.This first offence leads to a multitude of other killings as Macbeth grapples to keep his position and justify to himself that he is rightful in doing so, which only directs him to his eventual downfall.The aura of darkness, deception, and horror created by William Shakespeare is this tragedy envelopes the entire play and is created mainly by the sense of violence and foreboding that is evoked by the imagery.The dominant use of nature and the supernatural contribute significantly to the atmosphere throughout the story.Indeed, one can argue that Macbeth constantly scuffles on the blurring line between the two.In Macbeth, a series of unnatural forces initially coerce the main character to commit his first crime.After the murder of King Duncan, however, Macbeth not only ignores the signs of danger present in supernatural illusions, but uses them to justify his immoral and tyrannical acts.

The most prominent evidence of the supernatural are the Weird Sisters (meaning 'fate determining'), a trio of witches that seek out Macbeth to announce his "fate" of becoming Thane of Cawdor and "king hereafter" (1..17).Prior to their arrival, the idea of becoming king had apparently never occurred to Macbeth.In the process of returning home after a victory in his army's battle, he looked forward to receiving praise from King Duncan and his people.Shocked by the witches' unexpected prophecy, he exclaims, "…the Thane of Cawdor lives/A prosperous gentlemen, and to be king/Stands not within the prospect of belief" and continues to demand more information from the sisters (1..1).As they vanish without another word, and messengers come to announce his reign as the new Thane of Cawdor, Macbeth slowly begins to contemplate the truth in their final prediction.

Although the idea sounds quite appealing to the soldier, Macbeth still expresses his loyalty to Duncan and brushes away any immoral ideas that cloud his mind.He states to himself, "If chance will have me king, why, chance may/crown me/without my stir" (1.4.5).This conviction is challenged when he returns home to his wife, Lady Macbeth.She has already received his word about the prophecy of the witches and invites the evil spirits into herself in order to be able to convince her husband to kill the king and take the throne.She says, "Come, you spirits/That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here/And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full/Of direst cruelty" (1.5.).Armed with these unnatural demons inside her, she develops a plan to kill Duncan that Macbeth is too weak to refuse.When he expresses his uneasiness about committing the crime, Lady Macbeth mocks him by questioning his manhood "Wouldst thou have that/Which thou esteem'st the ornament of life/And live a coward in thine own esteem/Letting "I dare not" wait upon "I would,"/Like the poor cat I' th' adage?" (1.7.41).

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While still unsure of the morality of the deed he has agreed to, Macbeth encounters a floating dagger on his way to Duncan's room.Although only a figment of the imagination, he uses this sighting as a confirmation to go through with the murder.He pronounces that he will now draw a weapon just like the "dagger of mind" (.1.5), and continues to say that soon there will be blood on the blade of his real dagger.With a timely reminder from Lady Macbeth, a bell is rung to signal that she has completed the preparations.He rushes off to Duncan's room and commits the crime that inevitably begins his further corruption.

Up until this point, the reader feels a sense of pity for Macbeth.Despite all the forces against him that encourage him to sin, he has aptly expressed his doubt towards killing the king or otherwise unnaturally taking over the position.Following his initial horror after murdering Duncan, however, his mentality and actions transform him in to an antagonist that the audience despises.He claims the reign of king as the witches had predicted, but left unsatisfied and obsessed with the prospect of losing it, Macbeth quickly becomes power-driven and greedy.Remembering the last aspect of the witches' predictions, which stated that his friend Banquo's heirs will also be kings, he begins to fear Banquo and decides to arrange for his death.As Macbeth's fate twists due to his sins, several supernatural signals are given to warn him that he chooses to ignore.The first is a visit from Banquo's ghost the night of his murder.The ghost arrives and ruins Macbeth's great feast, causing fear and confusion in Macbeth.He thinks that he may be in danger because what he sees "might appal the devil" (.4.101).Scared for his life and what is to come, he returns to the Weird sisters for further assurance.

Upon meeting with the witches the following day, he receives a rather deceptive prophecy.The sisters create three apparitions that give advice to Macbeth.The first, an "Armed Head", tells him to "Beware Macduff" (4.1.15).This worries Macbeth but he quickly forgets about it after hearing the next two apparitions.The "bloody child" tells him, "None of woman born/Shall harm Macbeth" (4.1.15), and a child holding a tree announces that "Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill/Shall come against him" (4.1.16).Greatly reassured but still worried about the security of his position, Macbeth asks the witches if Banquo's lineage will still be kings.They blatantly show him with eight crowned heads that look like Banquo that, yes, the prophecy still runs true. This revelation as well as the first warning about Macduff should have alerted him to the dangers that followed.Instead, he foolishly allowed himself to be calmed by the other two deceptive apparitions so he could justify killing Macduff's family.

In the last act of the play, everything rapidly falls apart for Macbeth.The opening scene describes Lady Macbeth's turmoil from the aftermath of the killing.Apparently taken over by the demonic spirits, she goes through fits of madness that lead her to suicide.This is yet another sign of danger for Macbeth that he refuses to acknowledge.Even the doctor senses the doom to come when he announces that "Unnatural deeds/Do breed unnatural troubles" (5..165).In Scene 5, he becomes aware that the rd apparition's prediction has come true; Birnam Wood has indeed begun it's ascent to Dunsinane Hill in the form of branches held by soldiers.Instead of surrendering at that moment and admitting his defeat, he resolves to meet Macduff in battle.By the time he learns of the final truth to the prophecy, when Macduff admits that he was "untimely ripped" from his mother in a cesarean section, Macbeth has little free will left.Afraid to fight, he tells Macduff "I'll not fight with thee" (5.8.185-187).But given the choice to fight or be captured and displayed as a tyrant, he gives in to his final determined fate.Unwilling to realize the previous symbols of doom and destruction, Macbeth aided the supernatural forces against him.

To add in the dramatic irony, Shakespeare used foreshadowing throughout the play in the form of nature being unnatural.For example, he uses stormy weather such as thunder and lightning to symbolize evil and doom.Storms constantly arrive along with the weird sisters, letting the audience know that they possess vicious tendencies.In addition, the horrible storm that howls throughout the night of Duncan's murder reveals that moral and political corruption are present.In Act , several of the townspeople describe the ways in which nature has gone mad.Owls kill falcons and chimneys blow over.Duncan's trained horses feverishly break out of their stalls and eat each other.Lennox says that during the night of Duncan's murder there are "Lamentings heard I' th' air, strange screams of death [,and…] Some say the earth/Was feverous and did shake" (..65).There was clearly something off balance in Scotland, and everyone could sense it but Macbeth.From the moment he plunged that wicked dagger into the chest of his righteous king until the rightful heirs attacked him and ended his life, Macbeth continued to disrupt the natural order of his destiny and the world around him.His nobility gave in to the temptations of power and greed and caused his inevitable demise.This tragedy, while not fully realistic in the slightest, should teach every one of it's audiences a lesson for the rest of timeno one has the right to meddle in nature's affairs.

Please note that this sample paper on The Role of Supernatural in Macbeth is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Role of Supernatural in Macbeth, we are here to assist you.Yourpersuasive essay on The Role of Supernatural in Macbeth will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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