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The first scheme of universal training came into operation on the 1st of January 111. The Minister for Defense presented a comprehensive report on the progress of the scheme for the period between 111 and to June 11. Annual statistics for the number of registrations, medical examinations and exemptions under the universal training scheme are included in the Official Year Book of the Commonwealth. The scheme had a monumental rate of success. The junior cadets were abolished in June 1, and universal military training and the holding of military camps were suspended from the 1st of November 1, pending a general review of defense policy. Prime Minister Alfred Deakin introduced a bill providing for universal training to Parliament in 10. It was a measure with broad parliamentary support, having been adopted by the Opposition Labor Party at its 108 conference. At the invitation of Deakin, Field Marshal Viscount Kitchener of Great Britain visited Australia in 10 to inspect the existing state of defense preparedness of the young Commonwealth, and advise on the best means of providing Australia with a land defense. Kitcheners report, submitted in February 110 recommended the introduction of compulsory military training. Australian troops fighting overseas in World War I enlisted voluntarily. As the enormity of Australian casualties on the Western Front became known in Australia and no quick end to the war seemed likely the number of men volunteering fell steadily. There was sustained British pressure on the Australian Government to ensure that its divisions were not depleted in 116 it was argued that Australia needed to provide reinforcements of 5 500 men per month to maintain its forces overseas at operational level. With advertising campaigns not achieving recruiting targets, Prime Minister Hughes decided to ask the people in a referendum if they would agree to a proposal requiring men undergoing compulsory training to serve overseas.On 0 October 1, a decade after the Scullin government abolished universal military training, and some six weeks after Australia had entered World War II, Prime Minister Robert Menzies issued a press statement announcing the reintroduction of compulsory military training with effect from 1 January 140. The arrangements required unmarried men turning 1 in the call up period to undertake three months training with the militia. In a statement to Parliament on 15 November Menzies noted that the War Cabinet had determined that the militia forces needed to be kept at an adequately trained strength of not less than 75 000 men. On 5 November 164 Cabinet decided to introduce a compulsory selective National Service scheme. In announcing this decision to Parliament, Prime Minister Robert Menzies, referred to 'aggressive Communism, developments in Asia such as 'recent Indonesian policies and actions and a 'deterioration in our strategic position as being influential in the decision being reached. The Government had concluded that Australia had inadequate defense manpower and aimed to increase the strength of the Army to000 by the end of 166 by introducing national service. The National Service Act 164, passed on 4 November, required 0-year-old males to serve in the Army for a period of twenty-four months of continuous service (reduced to eighteen months in 171) followed by three years in the Reserve. The Defense Act was amended in May 165 to provide that conscripts could be obliged to serve overseas, and in March 166 Prime Minister Holt announced that National Servicemen would be sent to Vietnam to fight in units of the Australian Regular Army. Between 165 and December 17 over 800 000 men registered for National Service. Some 6 000 were conscripted and over 1 000 served in Vietnam. Although registration was compulsory, a process of selection by ballot determined who would be called up. Two ballots were conducted each year. The ballots selected several dates in the selected period and all males with corresponding birthdays were called up for national service. The though of Military training for young men between 18 and , came into effect after the events of September 11,001. Now there is a Bill up for consideration that has 16 cosponsors, and is doing fairly well. Although the Bill is having success it is minimal, and does not look as if it will pass, due to the military strength we have, and the beliefs of the people of the United States of America.
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