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Prejudice stems from many things; it can come from any person at any time.Sometimes it is part of a person when they are born.A whole town, state or country can show prejudice towards others, in many cases it ends in violence.Hitler showed an extreme example when he tried to remove toe Jewish race from all the countries Germany occupied and blamed the Jews for society's ills.He thought they were all inferior and the Germans were the superior, Aryan race.Hitler did not think all of his decisions all the way through, prejudices are caused by the lack of knowledge of others.Most of the Maycomb people are presented as prejudiced in the novel through their behaviour and speech towards the Negroes, as Aunt Alexandra shows in her early treatment of Calpurnia.
To Kill a Mockingbird is thought by critics to be a true account of what life is like in the state of Alabama in the 10s because Lee grew up around that time in a small town called Monroeville.Maycomb is thought to be based upon the town of Monroeville.Tom Robinson's trial was based upon the author's own experience of the Scottsboro trial in which some Negro men were accused of raping two white women.
To Kill a Mockingbird investigates different types of prejudice throughout the novel.One form of prejudice is the hatred of the Negroes in the white community, in which violence breaks out in the form of the lynch mob at the jail.The murder of Tom Robinson by the lynch mob would strike a blow against the Negro community and secure the position of the white community as superior and in control.The mob felt a sense of power and courage in a group but nevertheless singularly they were still men.This was pointed out when Scout said, "Hey Mr Cunningham" which singled him out from the group.Scout enquires about his son Walter, touching Mr Cunningham's human nature.Mr Cunningham has children of his own and can imagine what it would be like for these children to be without their father.He had been caught in this violent and reckless act by an innocent child and here she was, knowing nothing and asking about his son and giving advice on his affairs as a concerned friend.By this Scout disarms Mr Cunningham and turns the mob away without any violence.The mob is shown the clarity of the situation they are in and where they had held anger now there was shame, for acting so in front of children, as if they had been children themselves and could not see the larger picture.
All the types of prejudice are all subtly with the Tom Robinson case.At Tom's trial Scout meets Mr Dolphus Raymond for the first time but judges him from the rumours around Maycomb, without considering that they may be false and not to judge on appearances.Mr Raymond's questionable character that the town has given him is proved false.He shows Scout, Dill and Jem what really is hidden in the sack he always carries around with him, from which the Maycomb folk have drawn so many conclusions.Living with a Negro woman is the most serious offence in Maycomb society and Scout can observe the prejudice the town has against this man.The townsfolk do not comprehend that a person could choose to have Mr Raymond's lifestyle of his own free will and while not under the influence of alcohol or any other substance.Mr Raymond, knowing what the town think of his life pretends that he is a drunkard to escape the worst of the town's scorn.He is simply encouraging their beliefs without telling the truth which would make the situation harder for everyone.This is in some ways a cowardly act on his part but makes the townsfolk more content with his life because they have a reason for his irrational behaviour.A truly brave and independent man would not give a damn about what other people think about his choices and continue to live his life as he sees fit.It is Mr Raymond's dependency on Maycomb and his fearfulness of their scorn that prevents him from being open and telling the truth.Scout learns that folk need a reason for another person's actions, which seem wrong in their minds.Once folk can latch onto a reason for certain behaviour they are happier and more likely to let that person be.Maycomb is too wrapped up in itself and the past to look into the future with a different outlook on life.This is also shown on Scout's first day at school with her teacher, Miss Caroline.Miss Caroline came from a different county and the class' preconception of her was for her to be a stereotypical person from that county based upon the information their parents had told them.Custom Essays on What examples of prejudice does Scout encounter in "To Kill a Mockingbird" and what does she learn through her experiences?
Maycomb society considers itself to be right and just in its actions and rules.In the ladies' missionary teas they gather together to discuss the town and how to improve the world by converting everyone to Christianity and abhorring these people's own traditions and beliefs.The ladies believe that there is no better town and society than Maycomb and this town must be shown as an example of perfection to the world.The ladies also believe that an African tribe that treats all the men and women as fathers and mothers to all the children is wrong and immoral to be one large family, helping each other.This in fact is a basically sound idea and is what would have happened in biblical times, the time with the same ideas and rules that they are trying to impose on other cultures, but rules that their own society does not follow.Harper Lee includes this in the novel as an example of what harm these ladies are doing to other communities with better relations than their own.Here these women are converting Negroes and doing what they consider good in a far away place when right on their doorsteps there are Negroes whom they outcast and criticise.
Scout learns at first hand what the people of the town think of her father, Atticus.Mrs Merriweather insults Atticus in his own home in front of his sister, neighbour and daughter by referring to him as one of the "misguided people" of the town.By insulting Atticus in the presence of his family Mrs Merriweather shows the company how two faced she really is, to be sitting in his home eating his food and then to insult him.Miss Maudie prevents more prejudice at the table as she comments "his food doesn't stick going down does it?".
There is clear segregation between the races from the very beginning of the novel with Scout's account of the Finch family history.Scout said the Finches' used slaves before the civil war on their plantation.The American civil war involved the North against the South, the North wanted the South to abolish slavery as it had done and the South wanted to keep the old ways.That the Finches used slaves shows the early social standing of the Negroes in southern America to be slaves.Over one hundred and fifty years has passed since the civil war but the Negroes in Alabama are treated hardly better than slaves, performing menial tasks and holding menial positions such as servants or farm hands.The Negroes are not allowed to hold important positions in the town, which confirms the townsfolk's hold on the law in Maycomb.A similar thing was happening in South Africa at the same time with an all white government ruling over the black majority, this system was called Apartheid.Everything is different for the Negro people of Maycomb.They live in the part of the town furthest away from the white citizens and the most unpleasant with its site being located by the rubbish dump as if they too were worthless.The Negroes are the dregs of the society in which they live and Lee illustrates this in her portrayal of their living conditions.In ordinary town life the Negroes have their own buildings for worship and a separate section to sit in the courthouse, which exemplifies the point further, that the Negroes are the lowest breed and should not be allowed to consort with the better people.The whites take no care for the sacred place they are in during the week when they gamble in the Negro community church, as if it was only worthy of being used for one of the lowest forms of entertainment.Tom Robinson ran away when he saw Bob Ewell because he knew just by having dark skin he would be accused of something and was scared.Traditionally if something bad happens in the town it is because the Negroes have caused it and there are no other possible suspects.When Boo Radley mixed with the wrong crowd all the havoc they caused was first blamed on the Negroes.Tom thought that Mr Ewell thought something was wrong he would consider him responsible for whatever had happened and no one would say otherwise.When Scout asks if she may visit Calpurnia, her Aunt rules it out without an explanation, saying, "You may not".This implies that Aunt Alexandra is prejudiced towards Calpurnia and her shortness and the tone she projects to the reader suggests this.
Scout also learns that Aunt Alexandra is not just prejudiced towards the Negro people.This happens when Scout suggests that she would like to be friends with Walter Cunningham.Aunt Alexandra's answer is no, Finches "don't mix" with the Cunninghams.This shows Aunt Alexandra not only to be prejudiced towards the Negroes but also towards those she deems of a lower social standing than her own, with a less pure blood line and a family streak.Her conclusion is that society is divided into several groupings of people, and none of the groups should mix.In Tom's trial this is true, Mayella was consorting with someone of a lower social standing, and a Negro.Atticus pointed this out further in his defence case when he made it clear that the other whites didn't want to know the Ewells and relationships are not allowed between people of a different skin colour.
Prejudice is everywhere and it cannot be escaped, wherever you go there will be some form of it however mild it may be.Boo Radley is a victim of prejudice himself and could not stand to live in a world will all the prejudiced people out there and out of choice chose to stay locked up in his house for many years, only coming out at night.People do not stay shut up away from life unless they have a phobia of something about it.
Few could escape some sort of prejudice in the 10's and this book shows this by showing examples of prejudice towards Atticus.His children are teased at school and the ladies of Maycomb gossip about him behind his back.People do not have other things to focus their attention on during the day, with no jobs available and no money to spend.They therefore spend too much time speculating about their neighbours.In writing this book the author investigates not only the types of prejudice but also the causes and consequences of it.In To Kill a Mockingbird Lee shows different prejudices, many caused by people's own infatuation with themselves.Tom Robinson is a victim of prejudice, the cause being his skin colour, the consequence, his death.
Harper Lee illustrates in the novel a human's need for a scapegoat to blame his or her own actions on.Tom Robinson is accused of raping Mayella Ewell after Mayella has broken the social code by kissing a Negro man.Mayella is not brave enough or wealthy enough to take the consequences of her actions as Mr Raymond did, instead she tries to dispose of the evidence of her crime.This is illustrated in Atticus' speech in the courtroom."She did something every child has doneshe tried to put the evidence of the offence away from her" Atticus says in the courtroom.He says this implying that Mayella wouldn't accept what she did and turns her guilt around onto Tom; making out that it is Tom's fault not her own, she has to pass on her guilt.
One other reason for prejudice is the fear and insecurity of crossing the barrier of tradition into the unknown.It is easy to follow the crowd, for example with the lynch mob.To stand up for what you believe in takes more courage.
This book tries to deal with how to combat prejudice it shows how an individual's actions like Atticus and Miss Maudie can make more of a difference and through this Scout learns how to cope with it herself.At the beginning of the novel Scout does not understand prejudice at all and is naïve and young.Through the teachings and examples set by her two role models Scout learns to cope with the world in a more adult way, understanding different people's perspectives.Miss Maudie, an example of a perfect citizen to Scout is criticized and people are prejudiced against her.When Cecil Jacobs continues to taunt her about her father she does not lash out in a physical way as she has done previously.Instead she follows Atticus' advice and does not retaliate, accepting that everyone is prejudiced about something and anything she can do will not change that.This book is an education in prejudice Scout and Jem start with not recognising prejudice at the beginning of the book and then learn about the prejudiced people in the community that they live in.They learn how to deal with and occasionally combat it, for example, when Miss Maudie manages to deflect criticism away from Atticus at the missionary tea.Scout does not assault Mrs Merriweather for speaking ill of her father in this scene, as she would have done at the beginning of the novel.
To Kill a Mockingbird also teaches the reader empathy by showing how Scout and Jem are taught it.Throughout the book Atticus teaches it to his children and says, "you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them", this is what Atticus implies to his children, it is a good moral to live by.The novel also educates the reader as well as showing the children being educated about the world.The reader has to stop and rethink back to the beginning of the book when Jem's arm is broken to understand the connections of how in the community of Maycomb it could be so narrow minded and how someone could attack another's children.The reader also has to reconsider why Boo Radley never wants to come out, giving you a different perspective towards the book and the inhabitants of Maycomb.By writing this novel, the author raises awareness of the prejudice that is in the southern USA.
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