Managing Conflict Using Problem Solving

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Managing Conflict Using Problem-Solving

Conflict resolution is an essential skill for all managers, especially in the Human Resource arena.Where else but in Human Resources can you find a multitude of personalities and a diversity of viewpoints?The word conflict can bring many different ideas and thoughts to mind. We often think of hostility, aggression, withdrawal, power struggles, and opposition. Just the mention of the word can make us uneasy. Most people can probably recall a time that they experienced a conflict with a friend, teacher, parent, or family member. Sometimes the results were satisfying; at other times disaster resulted.

If you are a living, breathing human-being, you will have conflict. The only people who do not are dead. If you have an opinion on anything you will disagree with someone and engage in conflict. Conflict is an inevitable part of life, work and relationships. What happens when you face conflicts at work?What if a co-worker doesnt make the deadline with his or her part of a combined project? How do you handle it when your boss asks you to do something unethical? What is your reaction to a co-worker who falsely accuses you for losing a big contract? Do you tend to hold your tongue? Do you wait to see what will happen? Or do you confront, defend and blowup?

Conflict seems to be something we think we should avoid. We fear confrontation in conflict and we associate it with anger and see it as destructive. But conflict is normal and happens continually. Conflict can even be a constructive and positive experience for all parties involved.One only has to think of how much better he feels after taking time to explain emotions and personal positions when conversing with someone after a fight.

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Our reaction to, and method of dealing with conflict rather than the conflict itself is what causes painful, frightening or even damaging experiences.Conflict issues can be big or small, between individuals or among groups. Conflict issues can be as simple as a co-worker trying to get a fellow employee to complete a project, or as complex as a manager motivating a team.

Anytime personal interaction is required in a job, situations often arise due to the presence of conflict whether it is with an individual or a situation.Usually, the greatest challenge in managing conflicts such as those described has to do with defining the problem. As a working nation, our natural tendency is to jump into action and solve the problem. This approach wont work, however, until we know what problem we are trying to solve. Once all parties involved have a clear understanding of what the problem is, they can put their energies into solving it. Leaders make sure they take the time to define the problem at the front-end. "Once defined, many times the solution will become fairly self-evident, and its implementation smoother with less chance of failure" (Dunn 5).

Conflict resolution is an essential skill for all managers, especially in Human Resources.As we embrace cultural diversity among staff and families, we must expect to encounter conflicting values, experiences, beliefs, and perceptions.

The managers role isnt to eliminate all conflict, but to minimize the anger, grudges, hurt, and blame it can cause. Trouble does not arise because there is a conflict of values, beliefs or perceptions--a program is in trouble only when that conflict goes unmanaged or unresolved.

In Managing Conflict, Goodman states that a conflict resolution system has four components that every manager should be familiar with

1.Know your style of managing conflict and that a style can either motivate or discourage staff. This knowledge can make resolving conflicts more productive, and less stressful.

.Use approaches to conflict which take the interests of both sides into account when fashioning an agreement, such as getting agreement on the definition of the problem before trying to reach a solution; requiring mutual consent for any solution; encouraging negotiation first (the parties try to work it out themselves)--then, if necessary, providing third-party intervention (the parties seek a mediator); and avoiding the use of force, unilateral judgments, giving in, and doing nothing.

.Develop a process for handling conflict. Identify who to go to, what steps to take, and expected outcomes.

4.Develop a procedure to follow, including establishing ground rules, purpose, roles, and a confidentiality policy (45).

Conflict resolution must be a cornerstone of an organizational structure. But it must be built with mutual consent and respect for the views of administrators, managers, practitioners, and the community-all of which are needed for its success.

Facing conflict in relationships is difficult. We all want peace, co-operation, harmony and resolution when it comes to workplace relationships. Conflict can result in either problem-solving and resolution or an all-out war! Confliction scenarios can prevent collaboration and cause relationship breakdown unless you have the skills to manage conflict. How you approach conflict greatly impacts the outcome; with communication comes understanding.Practical strategies for managing conflict include various strategies; when you clash or disagree with someone one way to prevent escalation is to take a time-out to consider the issues and your response. Do not feel pressured to resolve the situation immediately.

Sum up what the other person says by paraphrasing their demands, viewpoints and comments. This will clarify the issue and provide you the opportunity to reply. Most people do not listen well and tend to react defensively when engaged in conflict. As Adler states in Looking Out / Looking In Interpersonal Communication, summarizing what someone says demonstrates that you are listening; you care and are trying to understand. Replaying what you hear doesnt equate to agreement with their opinion or request ().Communicate your need and viewpoint graciously but, firmly. I was able to complete my part of the project but, I do not have time to take on your portion as well. I find over-charging customers places me in an ethical dilemma. I prefer not to carry out this task.By discovering how to better manage conflict you can prevent relationship breakdown (Miller-Heyl 6).

Using conflict resolution skills will give you greater opportunity for success in the workplace.In order to resolve conflict many resolutions can be effective.Talk directly to the parties involved. Assuming there is no threat of physical violence, a one-on-one or private setting is best. Be certain that no one is being misquoted or misinterpreted by using reflective listening, simply repeating back to the speaker what you think he/she is trying to say. Direct conversation is much more effective than complaining to everyone else.

Choose a good time. Plan to talk to the other person at the right time and allow enough time for a thorough discussion. Do not start talking about the conflict just as the other person is leaving for work, after you have had a terrible day, or right before you have something important to do. Just before an employee is about to give a presentation is not a good time to discuss a conflict with them. Try to talk in a quiet private place where everyone can be comfortable and undisturbed, for as long as the discussion takes.

Plan ahead. Consider what you want to say ahead of time. State clearly what the problem is and how it affects those involved; do not blame or name call. Antagonizing the other party only makes it harder for them to understand you. Do not blame the other person for everything or begin the conversation with your opinion of what should be done.

Give factual information. Do not interpret the other partys behavior. Instead give information about your own feelings. This does not judge if the feeling is right or wrong, but allows the speaker to know he/she has been heard. Remember the area of disagreement is a joint problem. Attack the problem, not each other. Keep in mind that you both are responsible for solving the problem. It is not just your problem.

Listen. Give the other party a chance to tell his or her side of the conflict completely. Using reflective listening, try to learn how the other party feels. Although you may not agree with what is being said, tell the other person that you hear him or her and are glad that you are discussing the problem together.

Talk it through. Get all of the issues and feelings out in the open. Do not leave out the part that seems too difficult to discuss or too insignificant to be important. The solution will work best if all issues are discussed thoroughly. Brainstorm for solutions. Consider a variety of ideas to help solve the problem. Do not judge the ideas as right or wrong, or good or bad. Look for options that emphasize the common good. Two or more people cooperating produce lasting solutions more effectively than one person telling another to change.

Look for win-win solutions. Try to settle differences in a manner which achieves everyones need for security, being needed, validation, and respect. Compare and evaluate the different options to find something that can please all parties. See if there are one or more options that are agreeable to both parties. Focus on what is needed and not what is desired. Strive to develop a compromise to reach this goal. Finally, as Goodbar states in Managing Conflict, "follow through. Agree to check with each other at specific times to make sure the agreement is still working-then do it" (41).

While conflict may seem negative, it is a natural event in relationships between people. We simply can not avoid it. It occurs because people care about each other, personal goals, individual priorities, and themselves.Depending on how they are handled, conflicts may have negative or positive consequences. The results depend on how we choose to resolve conflict. In itself, conflict is neither good nor bad. It is what Human Resource professionals do with the knowledge and appropriate application of conflict resolution that makes the difference.

Adler, R.B. & Towne, N. (Eds.).Looking Out / Looking In Interpersonal Communication. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. 187.

Dunn, D. Getting Results A Guide To Effective Leadership. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. 18.

Goodbar, K. Managing Conflict. Teen Community Leadership Notebook. 18.

Leadership Skills Youll Never Outgrow. The Ohio State University. 18.

Leading In The Future.University of Hawaii Cooperative Extension. 18.

Miller-Heyl, J.L. Dare To Be You. CES. Colorado State University. 15

Resolving Differences.Michigan State University Cooperative Extension. 001.

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The Halls of Society Chapter 220 Milwaukee WI

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The Halls of Society Chapter 220 Milwaukee WI, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The Halls of Society Chapter 220 Milwaukee WI paper at affordable prices!The Halls of Society

Walking through the halls of Brookfield Central High School taught me sometimes more than what I was taught in the classroom. Not that this is a bash to my alma mater, but there were certain things that came into play during the 4 years I attended.It was when I was a freshman, at 745 one morning that I was walking through the halls , that I noticed that the halls were practically filled with white kids. It made me feel strange, and it made me think as to why we weren't more diverse in our school systems. There were, however, classmates of mine that were of different ethnicity, but for whatever reason, none of them were ever in school as early as 745, in fact most of them walking in at about 5 to 8 o'clock, which was the time that our final bell rang to issue us to class. It was strange though, because all these kids came in at the same time, and waited after school longer than I did to get on the bus that took them home.

It was then that I realized that there were common links between these. Two other variables were tossed into that. These kids all lived in Milwaukee, in the inner city portions. It shouldn't have made as much sense as it did, because I also realized that, all the kids who lived in the city of Brookfield, were primarily white. It was quite a rarity to see a person of a different race that Caucasian white males, drive through the streets on the way to school. Unfortunately each one of the inner city kids came in late, almost everyday, and they were also the last ones to leave. At first my impressions were, that they were the ones who cared the least about school, and that is why they came in late and were always doing the worst in our classes. To my embarrassment for thought, none of this was true. They were known as the "0 kids", which meant that they were bussed from the inner city of Milwaukee, 1015 miles away, to our school. That made me wonder why as well, I knew that there were plenty of schools in the Milwaukee Public School System. To my knowledge there was at least 10 or 1, so why on earth would these 0 kids come to Brookfield? Again, at this point I had to look at it again. They were called the 0 kids, and the number 0 comes from the Chapter 0, in the Wisconsin Education Systems. Chapter 0, is the State Education Boards way of making the ethnicity in suburban schools more equal, and it also gives the chance for inner city kids to get a better education. Get a better education? Why does my school offer more than the MPS system schools?

Turns out, Milwaukee, Wisconsin is the most segregated city in the United States, which basically spelled out to me, that in the inner city, it was mainly composed of minorities, and the suburbs, they were basically 100% Caucasian. It was definitely something shocking, but so was the fact that the attendance rate at most MPS schools hardly ever exceeded 50%. This could also make someone scratch their head and wonder why? Brookfield Central had almost 7% attendance rate each day, Making that % usually a sick person or two in a class of thirty.It was then I also found out that my school board, paid teachers more, and gave them more benefits. This kind of attracted any teacher of any kind away from the MPS systems. MPS teachers, coincidentally, were also first year teachers in most cases,that had just graduated from college, and were looking to get some experience in teaching at the "core" before being able to move out to the suburban schools. So now we have inexperienced teachers, more money in the budget plan for the suburban schools, and a less than 50% turn out rate for school every day, and a separation of ethnicity in this agenda?

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To me this is one of the worst of society's accidents in the history of Wisconsin. We have to ship kids out to the suburb schools to make it equal in the classrooms, we have to go through one year of teaching before moving up into the suburban schools, and we also have to create an equality in minorities in the classroom. Just wait for this, it gets better. In the MPS system, when you are registering, you are given the opportunity to apply for the chapter 0 program, to better your chances for getting into college. After all there are 85% of the graduates attending college from the Elmbrook School District and other places, and only 15% from the MPS system. Isn't that strange? Fifteen percent of inner city minorities go on to college, versus the 85% suburban white kids in the suburban schools. So you apply when you are young, to be able to have the fortune of hopefully being selected to go to school in the suburbs, so you can move on with your life. It becomes a selective process and only the ones with true potential get a chance to move into the better schools. To me that sounds highly unfair because, based on my location in the outskirts of Milwaukee, I get more opportunity to become someone, where as other people, of equal importance, have to apply to get in.

Now to my knowledge of the years, it became apparent to me that this became an indirect race issue. I lived in the suburbs, they lived in the inner city. The inner city had high crime rate, low attendance rates in high school, and the lower class community closest to the core. So many things correlated with one another, and became variations to one another that it all began to just make sense to me, that our society in the Milwaukee area, was a result of a race issue. No one wants to hire minorities, none of them get a chance to do something with their life. The reason they don't want them, because they never went to college. They never went to college, because their high school didn't give them enough attention. They never got enough attention, so they dropped out of school. They dropped out of school, didn't have a job, so they stole some money.

The correlations can go on for quite some time, but the mental picture is remaining the same. Minorities were starting out life, with weights around their neck, in a 50ft deep pool. There chances of becoming something were very slim, and it is like a hole that they aren't able to get out of. The farther back down they fall, the further and harder they have to try to get back up.The suburbs give people a chance to go to school to become something, basically we end up giving them permission to wake up an hour before school starts, and wait for abus that occasionally doesn't show up on time, and come into school late, and marked tardy because your bus was late. At even the most extreme cases, the 0 kids would get into 1st hour between 10 and 0 minutes late. It is like a field trip to them every day, and their lives become so much more complicated than ours. They have so many more things to worry about than I do. I got up at 70 a lot, and walked to school by 745, giving me still ten minutes to get organized before class, maybe even finish up some homework. I feel spoiled, and for just a moment I have to wonder what it is like in the shoes of a "0" kid. It must be a very difficult and long day for each of them because they work so hard, and get the minimum compared to what I do.

Chapter 0 is a mistake, it is something that shouldn't have to be. Unfortunately, society has given itself a cut due to race and minorities, and there is only perhaps one way that it can be corrected. A few years back, the state Capital of Madison attempted to pass a promotion of "redistricting." What this would do, would be to redistrict and redirect the lines in which schools and communities cut off, so that each school would be more equal in ethnicity as well as opportunity. This however required that Shorewood, the richest city in the state, to share borders with Milwaukee Rufus King high school, one of the roughest schools there is. Shorewood spoke and the people listened. The parents board of Shorewood suggested that it not happen, and again money spoke and acted.

Milwaukee King was not going to be allowed to go to school with the kids from the current Shorewood school district all because the Shorewood people didn't want to ruin their kids chances at becoming great.That is a frontal display of the closed minded suburban individuals that vacate the large houses outside of Milwaukee.

It's funny however, that the redistricting would cost roughly 0 million dollars for the city, but it is also amusing to know that after twenty years, they would no only save twenty million dollars, they would also save another 0 million dollars. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reports stated that " up to 40 million dollars" would be saved over the course of twenty years if they were to redistrict the Milwaukee community. This would solve everything, with the exception of the rich, outspoken Shorewood parents. Because Shorewood did this, many other school districts followed the same. The Parent Teacher Education Programs spoke left and right of how they would sue if the districts were redrawn because it would be taking away from their sons and daughters education.

After reading the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel while growing up, you seem to learn a lot about it too. "The state gives a school district a little more than $5,000 for each student admitted under the open enrollment program. While that is less than half of the cost of educating a student in some districts, if the district carefully decides where the students will be placed, accepting the student will have little or no effect on the districts costs while bringing in extra cash that can be spent by the district", (October 8th 00, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel .) Sometimes the numbers just don't mean a lot to me, because there is no number worth the troubles of race inequality.

These are the issues of the Chapter 0 programs, and in the big picture, results of a racial problem that wasn't recognized until it was too late. By the time the city of Milwaukee, recognized what was going on, parents and suburban people were not about giving up their percentages and success rates to a bunch of minority inner city problems. Last time, when the rich became to rich, and the poor became farther and farther away from the rich, there was something called the Great Depression. Milwaukee is in a depression however, the chances for certain people are granted almost the moment you are born, and what you are born into. Otherwise, when you are not born into the right hands and into the right house, you become what is labeled a social parasite, and you cause crime. Why do they cause crime though and why do these problems occur? They happen because there was hardly a chance to do anything else and become much of anything else. The suburbs give them dreams, dreams in which can only stay dreams and rarely become a reality.

Please note that this sample paper on The Halls of Society Chapter 220 Milwaukee WI is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Halls of Society Chapter 220 Milwaukee WI, we are here to assist you.Your persuasive essay on The Halls of Society Chapter 220 Milwaukee WI will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Time Management

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Abstract

Our daily lives consist of schedules and planning. Trying to fit everything into a 4-hour

period can be nerve racking. Using your time efficiently to achieve your life's goals

begin with good planning. Successful management of projects and tasks are based onWrite my Essay on Time Management cheap

choices you make. We need to learn how to manage the time we have not only for work

but for your family as well. If you are able to manage your time, your day-to-day life will

be much more easy. Building a schedule helps you to plan your daily activities. Steps to

achieve efficient time management are described to help you affect the control of your

time. Knowing what you have to do and where you have to be in advance can make the

day less stressful and more productive.

Time Management

Time Management

As an adult learning skill

To get more done in less time, that is the secret of successful people. We present

these three rules from Donald Wetmore (000) to increase your productivity. First, set

aside a time each morning to make a list of all the items you want to accomplish that day.

As you write these items down you will begin to get a clearer picture of what you need to

work on and begin to start scheduling the time necessary to complete them.

Next you prioritize your items.Choose the most important item and number this

one. Choose the second most important item and label it two, and so on.Complete your

first item, in spite of interruptions throughout the day.Then go on to the next item. This

way you will always complete the most important item every day.When we prioritize

we focus on the most important items instead of skipping around and doing the least

important, therefore, easier ones. Then you follow these steps every day. As you create a

new to-do list everyday, you re-prioritize items from the day before.You will feel in

control of your day and improve your productivity.(16)

One of the keys to managing your time is working smart.If you have an

organized plan for a project, you can manage your time wisely.Start by writing down all

your projects in any order on a piece of paper.It is important to list as many of your

projects as you can think of so you can best apply a priority list.After your list is

compiled, group all similar tasks together.

It is important to prioritize the tasks in a logical sequence.This step is very

Time Management4

critical in time management because if you start to work on a task, but you need other

information, you will have to stop what you are working on and complete the other task

first.This will slow down the process and waste time.A priority list will allow you to

work on the projects in the most logical order, saving the maximum amount of time.

It is very important to set goals that are achievable.Many times, goals are set too

high on initial projects, and after failing to achieve them it is hard to motivate yourself

and those around you.When the goals are set at proper stages of a project and they are

achieved, everyone involved feels good about his or her involvement.Goals in some

cases create an adrenalin boost to a project with a feeling of accomplishment.

The opposite is true if the goals are set too aggressively and are not met.People

involved in the project may tend to give up on tasks, feeling they are already failing or

are going to fail.Goals should be one of the last steps of a project so they can be well

thought out.After gathering all the information available and input from everyone

involved, goals can be set at realistic levels.

Be firm with yourself and make the commitment of blocking some time to

complete your studies.Control your distractions by limiting their effect on you. If you

need to be alone to focus on your studies then close the door to keep people from

interrupting you.If you are interrupted, give the person a time limit; of course you would

want to keep this time limit to yourself as you do not want to alienate your family or

your co-workers.Use your voice-mail to take your calls, and do not check your e-mails

until your studies are done.If you prefer the hustle and bustle of a busy environment

then choose a more active setting.You can get together with other students and study.

Time Management5

Carter, Bishop, and Kravits suggests that you need to choose the environment that will

make the most of your abilities to study.(55)

In many cases, you will have to rely on others to complete work in a timely

manner.It is just as important to organize others that will affect the project as it is to be

organized yourself.Give others as much notice as possible with what your needs are

with the project, and set up times with them to update you on their progress.In doing so,

you will be able to monitor their progress so they do not affect your time line.Make sure

they are very clear on every detail of each step, as well as the importance of being on

schedule.

Critical steps may require a backup plan to ensure the tasks will be completed in

an organized and timely manner.Talk through the expectations to clear up any issues

prior to moving on to your next task.Remember that if they are not clear on what is

required, you have to waste more time revisiting the issues left unattended.

In our busy life other issues come up and we have to deal with them first. When

an unexpected event comes up and we have to cancel a previous commitment, we now

have to find time to reschedule. Many times when something like this comes up, it is hard

to find the time to reschedule. If you have a schedule of your day-to-day activities, you

should always have a time open in case you have to reschedule an appointment. This also

gives you time to yourself when that time you set aside is not used.

Putting time aside for various events that might occur can take some stress off of

you too. You would not have to stress because you would have the time there already.

Without putting aside some free time, people tend to stress out because they do not know

Time Management6

when they would be able to fit things in. Being able to have time management skills lets

you have an understanding of time, and how to use it wisely.

In order to organize your time, you must set goals in your life. Goals are certain

values that you have. Values are principles or qualities that someone considers important.

For example, your religious beliefs, friends you have, relatives, authority figures, and

the media. People must choose their own values and then examine them closely. Are they

right for you? How will they affect your own life? Are they your choice or someone

else's? After you determine which values are right for you, you then set timeframes for

your goals to be completed. Times should be broken up into short-term and long-term

goals. Breakdown long-term goals into stages. Determine which parts of your goal needs

to be accomplished in a day, in a week, or longer and prioritize them. Next a "Personal

Mission Statement" should be conceived. This statement should tell you about your

character, what you want to achieve in life, and the principles by which you live. A good

example of this would be the Constitution of the United States.There are five basic life

settings by which we all base our goals on. Personal Goals are mostly associated with our

personal appearance, character, and conduct with others. Our family goals consist of our

marital status, how many children we would like to have, and relationships. Financial

goals involve the balancing of money amongst various bills, and preparing for the future.

Education goals pertain pretty much to the type of schooling you wish to pursue, and how

far you want to go in your learning. Lifestyle goals play a part in the location of your

home, who lives with you, and what you will do with your leisure time. Pick goals that

allow you to live how you choose to, not what somebody else wants.

Time Management7

Procrastination is defined as the gap between intention and action (5), so states

Timothy A. Pychyl, PhD, director of the procrastination research group at Carleton

University in Ottawa, Canada, Walker (00). There are many reasons for putting off

things until the last possible moment. Fear of failure that you will not complete the task

successfully, fear of change, unwillingness to start an unpleasant task. The fear of being

successful is a fear you do not associate with procrastination. If you become successful

then you have added responsibilities and choices. You will not do anything if you are

afraid of doing the wrong thing. You need to conquer procrastination by recognizing it

and not giving in to it. Start your task right away, the quicker you do it, the sooner it is

finished. If you feel overwhelmed then break your project into smaller tasks. Concentrate

on each task and complete it, do not worry about the end result. Set your priorities and

get motivated to finish these tasks. You will start to develop good work habits and

procrastination will not be a problem any longer.

When you set a priority, you identify what's important at any given time. Look at

your five life areas to determine which areas have priority over others. You do not have

to include all areas. They could consist of only a few. For example, family could be a

higher priority than your leisure time. By setting your priorities, you get closer to

accomplishing your goals. There are two basic types of approaches to time management.

One is a factual and linear person. They organize activities around a specific timeframe.

The other is a theoretical and holistic person. They focus on the whole picture while time

passes them by. Other ways that help to plan your time would be to schedule your week.

Time Management8

Take ten to fifteen minutes before you start your day to plan your daily activities. This

will save you a lot of time in the long run. Write events and important appointments

down on a calendar in the home. Use a scheduling book and carry it with you at all times.

Sometimes saying "No" when you are working is difficult. Especially if you are

the workaholic type or just plain run out of time because you did not plan your day. From

time to time there may not be somebody around that can complete your assigned task

because it needs your expertise. It is a good practice to say "No" every now and then.

You can benefit from this by having more time to yourself, delegating your authority to

others, takes stress off of you, and other people may gain experience from the way you

manage your time.

Time Management8

References

Wetmore, D. (000). Time management; Planners. Successful Meetings, 4(), 16. Retrieved June 1, 00 from EBSCO database.

Carter, C., Bishop, J.,&Kravits, S.L.(18). Goal setting and time management Mapping your course. Keys to Success, 55

Carter, C., Bishop, J.,&Kravits, S.L.(18). Goal setting and time management Mapping your course. Keys to Success, 5-5

Please note that this sample paper on Time Management is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Time Management, we are here to assist you.Your cheap research papers on Time Management will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Cultural Influences in Thailand

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A cultural influence is the power from one culture to affect another society's habits and behaviors.There are many other cultures that influence Thailand.Many of the Thai people especially teenagers like to follow other cultures.Modern culture, Chinese culture, American culture, and Japanese culture, are the cultures that Thai people have accepted.Japanese culture, Modern culture, and American culture, are three of the most popular cultures that influence Thai people today. Therefore, Japanese culture, Western culture and Modern culture became three of the most popular cultures that influence Thai people which also cause differences, effects and similarities between Thai and these three cultures.

Firstly, Japanese culture has great influence over the Thai culture in many perspectives, one of them is media.There are many changes in Thai's media such as media that followed Japanese including game shows, music, and magazines.For example, one of the game shows in Thailand emulates the style from the popular game shows in Japan, which called Fan Pan Tae on channel 5.The style of this game show is similar to one of the popular game show in Japan, which is called TV Champion.Furthermore, Ruay Rai Wan on channelimitates of the show is the same as the Japanese game show, which is called Challenge of Fire.Another obvious influence on the culture is music.Jiwa and Power Pat are the Example of the music production, which Thais imitate from Japanese singers.Thai's music producers use the style of the music, the image of the singer, and added Japanese language into the songs.In addition, J Pop and Idol are examples of the Thai magazines that publish the content and the style of the Japanese magazines in order to appeal consumers to purchase their magazines.There are much more Japanese culture that influences Thailand.

Secondly, Japanese culture has a great influence on fashion.Fashion of Thai teenagers has changed a lot from the past.Nowadays, there are many kinds of media from Japan that influences Thai fashion.Thai teenagers copy the way Japanese singers, actors, and actresses' dresses.Sometime they buy Japanese magazines and dress like the people who are in the magazines such as wearing short Y-shirts with a short skirts and a scarf, putting on very long socks with high heal shoes.Apart from dressing like Japanese, they are also following the way Japanese teenagers putting on their make up, which is using light but shiny colors.Hairstyle is another thing that Thai's teenagers follow.They bleach their hair in such outstanding colors such as red, green, and blue.Moreover, Thai teenagers even collect Japanese products such as Hello Kitty books collection.For instance, Fon, is one of my friend, she has about 500 pieces of Hello Kitty collection in her bedroom.

Finally, Japanese culture has great influence on Thai people lifestyle.There are many types of lifestyle, which people have duplicated.One of them is to have dinner outside their house.In the past, Thai people usually rush home after work and had dinner with their family inside their house.Now, most businessmen and businesswomen usually have dinner at the restaurant after work.For example, my sister, Ratt, is working at the Taiwanese Embassy on Silom road.She finishes works at 50 in the evening after that she always has dinner at the restaurant rather than at home.Another example is the prostitution in Thailand.Many Thai women, who did not have any skills to find a job, so the easiest way to get the money is to be a prostitute.In Japan, the prostitutes are called Ke-ei-cha.Ke-ei-cha means to have sexual relationship for money.Today, there are more than 100,000 Thai ladies becoming prostitutes.

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Western culture influence in Thai's culture, it can also be analyzed in cause and effect essay.

Western culture has affected Thai culture in three different ways which are language, women's role, and social issues.In the past, it was socially acceptable for Thai men to have many wives while women could be married to one husband.It was impossible for a woman to be remarried to another man, even when her husband passed away.If a woman remarried to another man, people would called her Ka-ra-ki-nee.The role of leadership was never given to women.As time passed by, Thai society has been influenced by the west.The adoption of Western values that emphasize sexual equality has resulted in changing attitudes and practices towards women.Thailand's role for Thai women has changed, nowadays, they are more independent and they can receive education as well as men.A lot of women are working and earning money by themselves, instead of waiting for their husband's income.Thai women are now strong enough to stand up for themselves.For instance, a wife can get divorced without any problems.However, Thai wives still have the responsibility to take care of their children and husband, whether they work outside their house or not.

Western language has an effect on Thai language.First of all, thai vocabulary contains lots of western vocabulary.Thai people use these words in their daily lives, such as computer, ice cream, tissue, chocolate, taxi, TV, beer, tennis, and etc.For this reason, Thai language starts vanishing.Another example is when Thai teenagers, who studied abroad for a year or more, come back to Thailand and they pretend to speak English all the time, or sometimes they mix Thai language with the English language.Furthermore, magazines or brochures in the past were usually printed in Thai language.Today, these magazines or brochures are printed in English.For example, Central department store prints the front page of their brochures in English all the time such as, "0 percent discount".

Thai women have been influenced by western culture in three major ways.First of all, Western culture influences women's education.In the past, only boys could learn to read and write, because at that time education was taught only in the temple.Thai parents did not seem to see the benefit of letting their daughters have an education.They thought that the girls would soon get married and stay home doing housework.Secondly, Western culture influences women in their married life.In the past, women could not select their own spouse, the girls parents would choose the boy they thought would suit their daughters.Thirdly, Western culture influences women's daily life.In the past, women were not allowed to work outside, they had to do house chores, take care of children, cook, and be ready to serve and please their husbands.They also had no right to make any decisions.However women's role changed in the period of King Rama IV (1854-1868), the first Thai monarch who studied abroad, and had a chance to know advancement of women in the Western countries.When he came back from England, he encouraged Thai women to have a high education, by establishing a school, for training women teachers, called Benjama Raja Lai shool, and a school for children called Wat Mahannoppharam school.Since there were many educated women, women's role in the society also improved.They have more right to chose their own husband, and have ability to work outside the house.Nowadays, most Thai daughters have higher education than in the past, at least most girls finish grad nine.They also go to work like men and many of them have higher positions then men, such as Ms. Sudarat KayuraPhan (public health ministry), Ms. Sririkorn Maneein(ministry of education).

Modern culture and Thai culture can create similarities.

There are many similarities between Modern culture and Thai culture.First of all, there are three similarities between the Modern and the Thai education.Firstly, in the past most Thai schools use teachers as the center of the educational system.It means that students could not give any opinions to their teachers. Students could only listen to their teachers and take notes quietly.In the present, the government is trying to change the style of teaching to every school to be child centered, so students are able to give opinions and discuss the topic their teacher gives. During the past five years the government has included sexual education class in every high school in Thailand.This class will teach students everything related to sex.For example, this class will cover how to have save sex safely, and what STD's are (Sexual Transmitted Disease).Nowadays, every high school has to study a third language such as French, Spanish, or Chinese.If the school does not provide these three types of education to their students, the principle of that school will be guilty and punished by the government by closing the school just like every other modern country.

The second point, now Thai women's roles are nearly the same as the women's role in the Modern society.Today, Thai women are allowed to get education.During the past 15 years, only 0% of Thai women who went to school according to "ABAC pole in 185" and 5% out of 0% only educated until fourth grade.But now, about 5% of the Thai women go to school, and up to 76% graduated from the university According to "ABAC pole in 1".Secondly, now Thai women have right to choose their own husbands.In the past, most of Thai women were forced to get married by their parents.Some did not even love each other, but they had to face it.In the present time, Thai women are gaining their right to choose their own husbands with a simple reason, which is love.Finally, now Thai women have the right to decide to choose their own career.In the past, women had to stay home and take care of their children and do households duties.Nowadays, Thai women are able to decide to work outside instead of staying home and do all the boring things.These three reasons show us that the rights of Thai women are changing toward the Modern society of Europe and America.

Finally, Modern activities are similar to Thai activities today.First of all, Thai people play sports than before.In the past Thai people did not care about sports, they thought it was useless.Therefore now, more than 70% of Thai people have their own favorite sports to play, because they realize how sports give benefits to their life.Secondly, in the past, Thailand was known as the land of peacefulness.We had only a few night pubs in the city. Today, to go out and enjoy nightlife is very popular just like in the Modern society.As you can see in every big city in Thailand such as Nakornrat Chasrima, Chiang Mai, and especially in Bangkok, night clubs or bars open everywhere.These night clubs are always full of customers; although they have introduced new laws, which close them earlier than before. These two examples are the similarities between Thai and Modern activities.

In conclusion, Western, Japanese, and Modern culture are cultures that have changed Thai society in many ways.Thai people adopted these cultures as their own.As Thai people realize the consequences of adopting other cultures, it results in a positive direction toward Thai society.In our opinion we should give credit to these cultures for the changes that they have made.Therefore, if Thai people did not follow them, Thailand would not be the most developed country in Asia.

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Mice of men

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In any society there are always outsiders, people who are unaccepted or excluded from the community.

People are outsiders by choice, or by the way they treat or are treated by others.

The outsiders who are treated unfairly by others, are usually treated this way because they are different in one way or another from the rest of the community, for example a person from an ethnic minority in a white society, or maybe just because they are disabled or act different to others.

Many novelists from different backgrounds and different centuries have looked at the theme of outsiders in their books.

Custom writing service can write essays on mice of men

I am looking at the novels written by John Steinbeck and Charles Dickens.

John Steinbeck wrote the novel "Of mice and men" and we are focusing on the characters Lennie, Crooks and Curley's wife from this book.

From Charles Dickens novel "A Christmas carol" we are only focusing on one character, "Scrooge".

All these characters are cut off from society for different reasons.

"Of mice and men" is set in America in the 10's.

The whole book is based on the life of a migrant worker and the great depression. Lennie and George are typical migrant workers.

They have one thing that is different to the other migrant workers, they have each other, and they travel round together looking for work, and stick together through thick and thin, when all the other migrant workers travel alone, only considering themselves.

George sticks with Lennie for a reason, which is because Lennie is a man with a child's mind and needs looking after, another reason which you don't find out till later in the book is because of Lennie's aunt Clara, when she died she asked George to look after Lennie and make sure he doesn't get himself into trouble!

Lennie is not at all bright "he's dumb as hell but he ain't crazy",

And he relies on George to make all the decisions for him, he copies George, and does what ever he tells him too.

He looks up to him as if George was the father and he was his son.

Lennie loves to pet things that are soft, and he kills some mice because he petted them too hard.

When he is on the ranch, and he has his puppy, he gets himself into trouble by killing the little pup, "you ain't as little as mice, I didn't bounce you hard"

He doesn't really realise how strong he actually is.

Lennie is cut off from the society for having a child's mind, from the start of the book the things Lennie does, you can kind of predict the things he is going to do next.

When Curley's wife offers for him to feel her soft hair it is obvious that he won't be able to resist, when he touches it he says "oh that's nice" because he likes the feel so much he finds himself unable to let go, she screams and he becomes frightened, he finds himself trying to shut her up,

"Lennie was in a panic, his hands closed over her mouth and nose, please don't do that George will be mad"

He kills her and then realises what he has done he runs to where George told him to go if he ever got in trouble,

"Hide in the brush" George said, Lennie did this so George knew exactly where to look for him, so he could get to him before Curley did, when George finds Lennie, he knew exactly what he has to do, he calms Lennie down by telling him about their dream, and then shoots him in the back of the head, he did his final act of friendship by saving Lennie from the torture of Curley and his gang.

Crook's is the "Negro" stable buck, he is crippled and in a lot of pain everyday, Crook's is an outsider because of this.

He is "a proud aloof man" who keeps his distance from people and wants a lot of privacy "I ain't wanted in the bunk house and you ain't wanted in my room".

He is extremely lonely, and would do anything for someone to accept him and be his friend, or even just someone he could trust, to talk to "a guy gets so lonely, he gets sick".

He knows no one has respect for him because he is black

"If I say something it's just a nigger saying it".

All he wants is someone to make him feel not alone in world, someone who understands how he feels.

He has his dreams but not of the future but about the past, when people took care of him, and he didn't feel different and odd because they were the same as him.

Crook's also feels threatened because if anyone accuses him of something, even if he didn't do it, they wouldn't believe him because he is black, for example when Curley's wife threatens to tell everyone he raped her, he couldn't do nothing, because he new they would believe her over him, because she is white.

Curley's wife is very pretty, feminine, made-up and flirtatious.

Candy says she has "got the eye".

Because she is the only female on a male ranch, she is an outsider, and is very lonely "why can't I talk to you I get awful lonely" the men on the ranch don't take her seriously and just think of her as a tart.

Her marriage to Curley is disastrous and it has only been two weeks "Curley ain't a nice man" she says, but i think she stays with him because if she don't, she will have nothing.

She has her dreams of how she could have been in the movies, or on stage, and people would look at her and admire her, and want to be just like her

"Coulda been in the movies and had nice clothes".

Just like Lennie her part ends in tragedy she is killed because she is flirting and being her usual self towards Lennie, Lennie kills her by accident because she asked him to feel her hair.

A Christmas carol is set in England, when there is poverty and suffering, among the working classes. Charles Dickens believes the rich have a responsibility to the poor, however the poor are not the outsiders here, because the Cratchitt family are poor but they still have each other, and it is the same in most poor families, they are all very close and love each other and just because they have not a lot of money it doesn't make them no different to anyone else.

Scrooge is the main character in "a Christmas carol" he is an outsider because he doesn't want to belong "warning all human sympathy to keep his distance", he doesn't want to be the same as everybody else.

Scrooges home describes a lot about him it "dark" "melancholy" and "gloomy" and his character is a lot the same, he hates Christmas, "every idiot that goes about with merry Christmas on his lips should be boiled with his own pudding", he is mean and greedy about money "tight-fisted", he absolutely refuses to give money to the poor, no matter if they were starving, or dying,

"I don't make merry myself at Christmas, and I can't afford to make idle people merry".

He is not happy about his clerk for having the day off at Christmas "it's not convenient and it's not fair", all he basically thinks about is himself. He has also

turned his back on his family, he has excluded everyone from his life, when his nephew says, "why can't we be friends" scrooge simple says "good afternoon". Because of the way he acts, he is going to be visited by Marley's ghost, who has come on a mission to change scrooge before its to late and he ends up like him (bound up in a heavy chain and weighed down with cash boxes, keys etc "I wear the chain I made in life, I forged it link by link", and then he told Scrooge he was going to be visited by three more ghosts who act as his conscience and will scare him into changing himself for the better.

The ghost of Christmas past is sent to try and make him realise that he become an outsider because of his childhood experiences, the ghost comes at exactly one in the morning, the figure is wearing a white tunic with holly in its hand, and the entire ghost is covered in flowers, Scrooge follows the ghost and the ghost shows him a child in a school room "a solitary child, neglected by his friends is left there" when Scrooge sees the boy he begins to weep, and he tells the ghost that he turned a young boy, who was lonely and neglected away from his door only last night, he is then taken to the boarding school where his dad placed him when he was little, and then he is shown him when he was an apprentice of a man called Fizziwig, Fizziwig is the sort of employer that they want scrooge to be "no more work tonight, Christmas-eve lets have a party", and the final thing the ghost shows Scrooge is a clip of him, when he was a young man and his fiance, he is late to meet her, because he had work to do and she breaks off the engagement because of this "you measure everything by gain", and then he sees her in the future she is really happy with a husband and a happy family her husband says to her "I saw you old friend Scrooge today, he is quite alone in the world i believe".

The ghost of Christmas present wakes Scrooge by calling his name, Scrooge sees a roaring fire and a big Christmas feast, then quick as a flash it all disappears and Scrooge is alone in the dark, he is taken to Bob Cratchitts house where they are making the most of Christmas, Bob Cratchitts son tiny Tim is very ill and Scrooge asks if he will live,

"I see a vacant seat and a seat, and a crutch without an owner, if these shadows remain unaltered, by the future this child will die".

Scrooge is taken away from the Cratchitts house and taken to his nephews, the family are enjoying Christmas and are laughing at Scrooge's expense "he is such a ridiculous fellow, I feel sorry for him", he is then shown two children who are weak, ill, starving and nearly dead, "they are man's children. This boy is ignorance. This girl is want. Beware them both," Scrooge is disgusted with the sight of this and is even more disgusted when the ghost repeats his own words "are there any workhouses?"

The ghost of Christmas yet to come is a phantom all dressed in black, he takes Scrooge to a group of men discussing a funeral they are laughing and saying things like the would only go if there was a free lunch, the ghost then leads Scrooge to a poor part of town where second hand goods are being sold, a woman called Mrs Dibble is saying "if he wanted to keep his things after he was dead, why wasn't he natural in his life time" and "he frightened everyone away from himself when he was alive so he could profit us when he was dead," Scrooge is then taken back to Bob Cratchitts house where tiny Tim has died and the family are grieving, Scrooge is taken away from the house and then taken to the graveyard where he shown his own grave stone and he realises it was his stuff Mrs Dibble was selling, he is shocked at all this and begs the spirit to give him a chance telling him he will change, "I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all year, I will live in the past, the present and the future, I will not shut out the lessons that they teach."

Scrooge has changed for the best and is now a happy, generous man he gives lots of money to the poor, sends a big turkey to the Cratchitts and asks to dine with his nephew. "He became as good a friend, as good a master, and as good a man as the good old city knew"

Steinbeck and Dickens have explored the outsider theme in different ways, Dickens has a happy ending for Scrooge who wants and tries to be accepted instead of excluding himself from the society.

At the end there are no outsiders, and everyone is happy, and in Steinbecks novel the outsiders stay outsiders and it is a very tragic ending for them. Both novelists have looked at it differently and have explored the meaning of outsider in different ways.

Please note that this sample paper on mice of men is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on mice of men, we are here to assist you.Yourpersuasive essay on mice of men will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Osmosis

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Osmosis Coursework

Planning

Aim

The aim of our experiment is to find out how the strength of a sugar solution affects potato cells through osmosis.Order custom research paper on osmosis

Method

1.Cut out potato chips, making sure every piece is skinless, the same length (40mm) and the same diameter (6mm). The length was measured with a ruler and a bore was used to ensure the diameter was consistent.

.Mix up distilled water and 1.0M sugar solutions, to make mixtures with known molar contents using measuring cylinders.

Volume 1.0M Sugar solutionVolume distilled waterMolar Content

50.0ml0.0ml1.0

7.5ml1.5ml0.75

5.0ml5.0ml0.5

1.5ml7.5ml0.5

0.0ml50.0ml0.0

.Put a single potato chip in with 50 ml of each solution.

4.Leave for sufficient time for osmosis to happen. How long is needed will be determined in a preliminary investigation.

5.After leaving measure lengths of the potato chips to see if this has changed.

6.Calculate percentage length change.

To make this a fair test it is important to ensure that the chips are all identical in size and shape and that the same amount of solution is going is used in each tube. The length of time the chips are in the solution might be an important factor so in comparing results we will only compare tests where the time is the same. Another thing that might vary is the individual potato, so for each set of tests the same potato was used for each solution strength.

The size of the potato chips was chosen to be 4cm long and 6mm diameter because they are completely submerged by 50 ml of fluid in a test tube and will fit in the diameter of the test tubes.

Apparatus

•Multiple test tubes

•Test tube rack

•Scalpel

•Accurate ruler (to mm)

•mm radius bore

•Distilled water

•1.0M Sugar Solution

•Beaker

•Measuring Cylinder

Prediction

Each cell of the potato is surrounded by a semi permeable cell membrane. Semi permeable means that water molecules can travel through the membrane while sugar molecules cannot because they are too large. This will mean that over a period of time water will diffuse through the membrane from a weaker solution to stronger solution. Where the cells are in a weaker solution than that of the cells' cytoplasm I would expect the cells to loose water by osmosis and the cytoplasm to shrink. Where the concentrations are the other way round I would expect the cells to take on water through osmosis and the cytoplasm to expand.

When we measure the length of the chips this is really a way of measuring the size of all the cells in one go.

Not all cells will be in the solution as they might be in the centre of the potato chip. I don't think this will affect the experiment because I would expect water to pass from cell to cell in the chip through osmosis.

In the experiment we used sugar in the solution. Sugar is a large molecule in comparison with water and I would expect that it would not be able to diffuse through the semi permeable cell membrane. This means water is able to travel in and out of the potato's cells while sugar cannot. A strong sugar solution has a lower concentration of water than a weak sugar solution so the water will diffuse from the weak solution to the stronger solution. Eventually all the solution strengths will equalise so that everywhere has an equal strength of sugar solution. When everywhere has the same sugar strength this process stops. This means that given sufficient time the growth there is only a certain amount the chips can grow or shrink.

I predict that if the concentration of sugar in the liquid surrounding the potato chip has a higher sugar content than inside the potato then the chip will shrink as all the cells in it shrink. Once the concentrations inside and outside the cells are the same no further shrinkage will occur. This is because the water will diffuse through the cell wall in an attempt to dilute the surrounding sugar.

In concentrations of sugar less than inside the potato the potato cells will take on water and as they expand the size of the chips will increase.

Preliminary Investigation

In our preliminary investigation we put one 40mm strip of potato in each test tube, the potato was also had a radius of mm. We only used three test tubes, using just water, 0.5 m sugar, and 1.0 sugar because of time restrictions. We left the tubes for just 15 minutes, hoping this would be long enough.

Solution StrengthLength Before SoakingLength After Soaking

Water (0.0 m)40mm44

Weak Sugar Solution (0.5 m)40mm4

Strong Sugar Solution (1.0 m)40mm41

From looking at the preliminary results I'd collected, I was acutely worried. Either my prediction was very wrong, or our group had chosen a potato with a very high sugar content. I decided after viewing other group's results that it must be an abnormally sweet potato because other groups results seemed to match my prediction, therefore I feel it's unnecessary to change my prediction at this point.

Results

These tubes were left for thirty minutes, we chose thirty minutes because we thought if we left it for fifteen minutes the results may not be varied enough to get a good looking graph.

MolarStrengthLength after 0 minutesPercentage increase in length

Test 1Test Test AverageTest 1Test Test Average

1.08mm8mm8mm8mm-5%-5%-5%-5%

0.758mm8mm8mm8mm-5%-5%-5%-5%

0.58mm8mmmm8.mm-5%-5%-.5%-4.17%

0.58mmmmmm8.67mm-5%-.5%-.5%-.%

041mm4mm41mm41.mm+.5%+5%+.5%+.%

After viewing these results, our group decided the change in length was not large enough to accurately analyse results given that we could only measure the length to 1mm accuracy. We repeated our experiment, this time leaving it for 48hours.

MolarStrengthLength after 48 hoursPercentage increase in length

Test 1Test Test AverageTest 1Test Test Average

1.0mmmm5mm.mm-17.5%-0%-1.5%-16.67%

0.756mm6mm5mm5.67mm-10%-10%-1.5%-10.8%

0.57mm7mm6mm6.67mm-7.5%-7.5%-10%-8.%

0.540mm40mmmm.67mm-0%-0%-.5%-0.8%

040mm4mm41mm41.00mm+0%+5%+.5%+.5%

Note to examiner The results here are not to a degree of accuracy ofdecimal places because rulers can only go to millimetres, and no one in our group had eyes able to pinprick the exact decimal of the chip's length.

Analysis

The results show that in strong sugar solutions the chips shrink while in distilled water they actually increase in length.

The results between the individual tests are not that consistent so I have worked out average across the tests. I have also worked out the results as percentage increase in length.(both shown in the tables in the results). I have plotted the average percentage change in length of the chips against the solution strength for the 0 minute experiment and the 48 hour experiment.

Both graphs show that the stronger the sugar solution used, the more the potato chips will shrink in length. In distilled water the potato chips actually increase in length. This means that there is a negative correlation between the size of the chips after the experiment and the strength of the sugar solution used. The graph for the 48 hour experiment shows the negative correlation most clearly.

From the graph labelled 'Graph showing % length change in chips for half an hour' we can that the chips don't ever loose more than 5% length with quite a distinct curve on the graph as 5% loss is neared. This may be that the cells can only loose water at a certain rate and that enough time was not allowed

The graph labelled 'Graph showing % length change in chips for 48 hours' shows a much higher shrinkage of the potato chips and also shows a better straight line. The results for distilled water and 0.5M sugar solution are quite similar in the 48 hour and 0 minute experiment, given the accuracy it was possible to measure, while the stronger solutions showed a lot more shrinkage in the 48 hour test. This is consistent with the potato only being able to loose a maximum amount of water in a period of time.

Conclusion

The results show clearly that the length of potato chips is affected by the strength of the sugar solution they are put in. The way the chips shrink in strong solutions is consistent with the cells of the potato loosing water through osmosis and shrinking so that the chip becomes smaller. Similarly the way chips in distilled water, increase in length is consistent with the cells of the potato gaining water through osmosis and expanding to make the chip longer.

I can see there is a certain point where the sugar content of the solution is the same as the potato's sugar content, (This is where the line of best fit crosses the strength of sugar solution axis). From looking at this graph I would guess the potato's average sugar level is about 0.m. Biology for You says, "Osmosis is a particular type of diffusion involving water molecules." It also says, "The water is in fact diffusing from the weaker solution (high water content), into the stronger solution (low water concentration)"

As I predicted, if the concentration of sugar in the liquid surrounding the potato chip has a higher sugar content than inside the potato then the chip will shrink.This prediction appears to have proved correct. I can see this on the graph where the chips were left for forty-eight hours that once the line of best fit passes a certain point, the chips must have began to grow. They have grown or shrunk because water has diffused though the potato's semi permeable membrane to dilute where the higher sugar content is. This shows my results are in line with my prediction.

Evaluation

Measuring the length of the potato chips is an easy way of investigating the effect of osmosis on the size of plant cells. I think it would have been far more difficult if we'd had to look at them under a microscope.

In our raw results there is quite a large scatter, they were not consistent in across the different tests. I don't think this affects my conclusion because after averaging the graphs showed clear trends. The anomalies were probably due to the difficulty in measuring accurately, or perhaps that different parts of the potato did different things.

If I was to redo the experiment I would improve it by

•Using longer chips, so the percentage size change would be easier to measure.

•Supplement measuring by length with another measure, for example I could weigh the chips, using an accurate scale, to see if they'd lost or gained water.

•Use a more accurate device than a ruler to measure the chips.

•Use more than 5 different concentrations of sugar solution to give more results on the graph.

•Use a titration pipette to make up the solutions more accurately

I think the results my group and I have gathered show a reasonable level of accuracy. This is because they tie in with what I predicted from my scientific knowledge, and the quotes I have taken from Biology for you.

To do further research into this topic which is relevant to the investigation, we could

•Measure different potato's sugar contents to see how it compared with the solution strength where no change in length was measured

•See how different breeds of potatoes sugar contents differ.

•Try different solutes to sugar to see which give the best results.

•Look at cells under a microscope in different sugar concentrations, to see their visible differences (see if the cells were plasmolysed).

•Try and find a way of measuring turgidity of the cells, perhaps by seeing how 'bendy' the chips are.

Please note that this sample paper on osmosis is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on osmosis, we are here to assist you.Yourpersuasive essay on osmosis will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Violence in Videogames

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Violence in Videogames. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Violence in Videogames paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Violence in Videogames, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Violence in Videogames paper at affordable prices !Video Game Violence

Imagine your daughter in a dark, tight-spaced, labyrinth, so narrow that there is barely enough room to strafe left or right by one foot; with her broken radio in one hand and her assault rifle in the other. She's cut off from all communication, and since she has found no other crewmate alive in this alien labyrinth, they could all possibly be dead. As she navigates through endless passages, she hears a hoarse growl. She turns right on a blind corner, not knowing what lies ahead. Little does she know that a massive behemoth of a creature awaits the next turn, waiting to quickly catch her defenseless and rip her apart before devouring her. She sees the monster right in front of her, swinging its arm towards her as the first act of instinct. Alarmed, she raises her rifle and drills the monster full of bullets. The creature falls smoking down at her feet, and she lets out a cocky grin as 500 points are added to her score on the top of the television screen. Before running off to kill another alien creature, she pressed the pause button and walks to the kitchen for a quick snack. This is video gaming.

Controversy continues to escalate on games such as one described above between parents and gamers, regarding the psychological effect of simulated, realistic, D violence on the minds of young children and growing teenagers. Yet recent research shows that videogames contribute very little to today's everyday violence, despite complaints and concerns that games influence a child's normal behavior. Technology is a way of life in today's world, computers are used by toddlers, adolescents, and adults alike; no matter what career path a person chooses, the computer plays an essential role in the job. The more our technology progresses and as our industry grows stronger, computers and electronic entertainment will grow to be found everywhere around the world. And this includes videogames.

Although gaming became popular in the 180s, it has been alive since the 170s. In May of 17, Magnavox Odyssey was released as the first gaming console. A few built-in games came with it, and the graphics were as simple as white blocks over a black background. At this point, game violence wasn't even an issue since the graphics were just simple, moving patterns on a screen. Magnavox Odyssey did not sell well despite being a public release gaming console. This may have been a result of the sales practice; the gaming console was only available in Magnavox stores, where crooked salespeople assured customers that it would only be compatible with Magnavox televisions ("Console launches" 68). In October 177, the Atari Video Computer System was released, along with it the classic game "Pong", giving the system a place in the history books. However, the turning point in gaming came with the release of the 8-bit Nintendo Entertainment System (Adorably called NES), in fall 185. Although Nintendo marketed the system as a toy, the technological aspect of it sparked interest in people of all ages, especially when it was released in the United States. The market was opened to daring game developers who made games that marked the birth of interactive media that we know today

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But perhaps too daring though. Macintosh developed and released Mac Playmate on PC in 187 (and another version in 15); stimulating an animated woman with sex toys after undressing her was the object of the game, and the orgasm was the goal. Another highly controversial issue was an underground game set in World War II, but what sets this game apart from other World War II titld

is the goal of the game and the core gameplay itself. Set in Europe, the player takes charge of a Nazi concentration camp; rewards varied depending on how many and how brutal were the deaths of Jews. Enraged parents raised protest when Mortal Kombat was released in 11, which gave the player choices on how to "finish off" their opponent, sporting the most graphic (and not to mention bloody, VERY bloody)"fatalities" ever seen in any videogame of its time (Choi ). Since then, games like Grand Theft Auto and Resident Evil became targets for anti-violence protestors a reason to push for or even completely ban violent videogames.

The Columbine shooting incident in Colorado have given angry parents an obvious reason to try and strangle the video gaming industry. According to the media, the game Doom presumably help the young murderers, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, learn shooting tactics. However, of all the bullets (approximately 00 bullets in the library alone) that were shot in Columbine High School, 1 were killed out of a possible 1,800 students (Alastor ). This connotes that the game may NOT have help them out at all. In fact, weapons on the television screen do not work at all as they do in real life; controllers aren't as heavy as real guns, there is no recoil from a blast, it usually takes several shots to the torso for a normal enemy to go down, and many other major errors (Wynar 5). A videogame is strictly made up of polygons and pixels, and there are no available controllers to even remotely simulate the feel of a real gun.

Many gamers believe that videogame violence holds little to no influence in children. Television, movies, and books are more widespread, less expensive; and less censored than videogames yet still containts the same themes. Themes of aliens invading earth, villains seeking to conquer or destroy the world, and normal people becoming superheroes are so common in children's movies nowadays that movies which are more graphic than videogames threaten a child's psychological development. But they are merelytagged as "just kids' movies." Because of this, nobody ever looks at the hero. The movie hero could just be as much of a criminal as the villain.For example In order to save one innocent civilian that happens to be the hero's live interest, the hero has to kill every bad guy in his way to save the woman. These themes are worse in more mature movies. A lot of "heroes" kill the "underlings" of the villains or anyone opposing him; in "real life" the prosecuted and imprisoned for the illegal abuses of the firearms and authority (Wynar 4). What kind of hero is that?

No one can say that television has not influenced society. Novice shooters in firearms classes start out by imitating the incorrect techniques they see on television, martial arts schools boomed after Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and sales of S6W .44 magnums skyrocketed after the release of Dirty Harry (Wynar 4). Studies show that many frequent game players also engage in more violent sports and watch high amounts of television every week (Ask ).

And yet, the blaming finger still points to videogames as being the core risk for negative behavior changes in children. When anti-gamers accused the games industries of producing more mature games than fun and educational ones, game enthusiasts pointed out the fact that 4% of gamers are over age 18 (Choi ). In 17, 4% of games reviewed by the ESRB were rated inappropriate for the under 1 age group.

Many gamers believe that the people arguing against them are merely ignorant of many of the studies and facts presented by researchers that favor the neutral or positive effects of games on children. An independent study conducted by Alexander Ask showed that high-frequency players playing a violent yet easy game became less angry and calmer, while low-frequency players were on the flipside; also, more frequent gamers experienced and expressed more anger, but felt they could control it better. A different study by the American Psychological Association (APA) sampled twenty-five boys and girls between the ages of eight and twelve. The children were asked questions about violent behavior or empathy, and then were given one of two games to play (violent, non-violent) for fifteen minutes. Afterward, researchers gave their subjects a set of hypothetical situations designed to trigger either a compassionate or an aggressive response. No connection between gameplay and the responses to the situations was discovered (McDowell ).

Yet the demand to ban still ran strong among anti-violence supporters. After viewing several violent videogames, including Mortal Kombat and Night Trap, Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT) created the ESRB, Entertainment Software Ratings Board (McDowell 1). The ESRB is an organization in which representatives from all of the major software companies rate every video or computer game before it goes out on the market. Ratings vary E for everyone, T for teen 1+, M for mature 17+, AO for adults only, and others. Other ratings companies followed, such as the Amusement Machine Operators Association (AMOA), which puts warning/rating stickers on arcade machines (Choi ). The effort to protect children from violent games stretched across the world. In Australia, the State Attorney General declared that all videogames would go through a screening test. Violent games would be restricted to adults and excessively violent games would be banned all together (Ask 1).

So why hasn't the violence stopped? With the ESRB and other organizations striving to protect children from the gore and guns of games, and the results of numerous studies showing that there is no connection between games and violence by kids, you'd think that the shootings and violent play would stop. However, aggression research suggests that poor parenting is the cause of much of the erratic behavior by children. The limiting of playtime and the supervision of the types of games that are played are just as important as monitoring the television programs and movies that children watch.

Despite the common belief, there are benefits of gaming. An important plus to gaming is being able to vent anger non-aggressively. What could be better than blowing away that non-existent monster after a long day of school/work or other stress? If this method of venting were taken away, hyper-aggressive people would be forced to find some other way to purge their anger and frustration. This could lead to real people being hurt. Another advantage to gaming is that it opens up a social opportunity for kids; a certain game might cause some common interest between children and create more friendships and interactivity. People also seem to forget that educational games do exist, and can teach kids things that do not involve guns and killing. Games that are helpful, educational, and fun would be more popular if more people tried to encourage the acceptance, popularity, and availability of them ("Violence" ).

Controversy is not anything new to society; there were arguments about television and rock and roll. Now videogames joins the pack. With the industry booming and the ESRB running full force to warn of mature games, it is doubtful that videogames will lose their place in the electronics empire and our everyday lives. So next time your son is gleefully gunning down monsters in dark tool sheds with his Playstation controller, just remember that if anyone objects, proof of protection is on the package of the game on the ESRB tag. It is the parent who chooses to be aware of and follow it, and lay down the law to their kids' gaming and other media habits that might spark the violence and arguments in the lives of both gamers and non-gamers.

Please note that this sample paper on Violence in Videogames is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Violence in Videogames, we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on Violence in Videogames will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Coles Myer

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Coles Myer. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Coles Myer paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Coles Myer, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Coles Myer paper at affordable prices !Coles Myer is Australia's largest retailer with more than 1,800 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand. The company's aim is to create benefits for every stakeholder by being the best retailer in every market in which the company operates. Coles Myer is the Australia's largest non-government employer with over 160,000 staff and spends approximately $1 billion a year buying merchandise and services from over 61,000 suppliers.

There are various factors undermining the decline of Coles Myer performance and shareholder value, both externally and internally. In this report we will analyse Coles Myer, in terms of major financial, marketing and organisational drivers presently influencing the company's shareholder value by using the value driver framework. Coles Myer is a large organisation; we will only be concentrating on the important aspects that we have ascertained.The concluding section of the report will address the major challenges in altering the drivers to increase Coles Myer shareholder value in the future.

.Financial Value Drivers

A marketing strategy only makes sense if it is likely to increase the value of a business and Doyle (000) suggested that to determine whether strategy make sense, long-term cash flow have to be estimated in a true valuation, rather than boosting the cash flow in short-term based by scarifying the long-term objectives.

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While shareholder values and financial value drivers are the objectives of business, marketing strategy lies at the heart of value creation. Marketing value drivers will determine the process and marketing strategy to achieve and maximise the shareholder and financial values.

.1Level of operating cash flow

.1.1Sales Growth

In 001, J. Fletcher aimed to reach the target of $800 million annual net profit by July 006. Since then, Coles Myer has struggled to meet the analyst's forecast periodical profit and sales growth.Solomon Lew commented that the company will need a compound growth rate of 5% per annum while the star business which is the food business was struggling to grow more than -% by 005. This means that the only way Coles Myer could reach its growth target is to rely heavily on cost cutting measures (Operation Right Now).

.1.Operating Margins (Higher Prices and Decreases in Cost)

The key to a sustainable competitive advantage is by commanding a price premium or by doing things cheaper or doing both.As Porter (001) illustrates that cost and price advantages can be achieved in two ways, operational effectiveness or strategic positioning.What is clear in the retail industry is that the consumers are very elastic to price.Thus it is fairly impossible to command a price premium in the market unless added value is presented on a platter.

The retail branches (Myers-Grace Bros and Target) had relied on heavy discounting to clear their inventory during the post-Christmas periods, a price-war between industries retailers will most likely occur.This in turn generates a negative value to sellers as the bargaining power is shifted to the buyer.As Porter (001) suggests with more competitors selling largely undifferentiated products, the basis for competition shifts ever more towards price.Clearly, the net effect on the industry's structure is negative.

It is probably due to the realisation of the above-mentioned eventualities that Coles Myers tailored their focus on "Operation Right Now" as a cost-cutting exercise first and foremost to boost their operating margin.

.1.Investments

One of the investments that Coles Myer has embarked on is a fully integrated supply chain system which is a key to improving 'asset turn'. It was predicted that if Coles Myer can lift its asset turn by one-third, it could improve net profit by between 65 and 8%. However, the investment community is convinced that this larger then expected investment plan will take a long time to bring a return on investment.

.Market Value Drivers

.1Market Selection

The fundamental objective of the business is to target the 'right' customers who create shareholders value. Clear market positioning is essential for retailing industry. Coles Myer suffers from the lack of focus and clear strategy due to the fact that the company is simply too big to efficiently mange its division.

More importantly, Coles Myer is trying to operate a combined strategy, the two are, high-volume, low-margin retailers (e.g. Kmart and Target) and retail specialists focusing on a single retail category (e.g. Officeworks, Megamart and Myer-Grace Bros). Mead (00 cited in Reading Pack) commented that, these two types of retailing require different retailing skills and different corporate and marketing strategies and separate and therefore, independent organisational structures.

Furthermore, there diversified interest in Coles-Grace Bros, Target and Kmart do create a cannibalistic effect. By offering product discounts with no convergence to the business strategies of the other two, detrimental effects on the sales performances across all three brands do occur.

.Customer Loyalty

Hannen (001 cited in Reading Pack) said that keeping existing customers is cheaper than finding the new ones. However, the retailing industry is a 'generic market' and a lot of effort is needed to build meaningful relationships with the consumers.

Coles Myer has done very poorly in retaining existing customer in two ways.Firstly, "Fly Buys" as a loyalty program is not appealing to consumers as they have to spend a significant amount to attain rewards. The saturation of the membership numbers has quantified this ailment in the loyalty program.There are also no plans to integrate "Fly Buys" to the Coles Myer credit card as well.

Secondly, Coles Myer loses out to Woolworth in customer retention by not having a petrol discount scheme.This is a major stimulus that Woolworth uses to gain market share in the food businesses.

.Strategic Relationships

It is known that Coles is trying to introduce a petrol discount scheme that can compete with Woolworth's.In order to realise this competitive tool, Coles Myers will need to develop and sustain strategic relationships with Shell and MasterCard.The offering must translated into value for the two partners or else it will definitely fall short.

.4Branding

Coles Myer is in the process of re-branding its retail businesses.As Hannen (001) describes moving Myer-Grace Bros more upmarket.With Target offering affordable, trendy and high quality merchandises.And K-Mart will position as a low-cost discount department store catering to the entire household. Evans (00) have noted that Myer Grace Bros has embarked on a new advertising campaign under the My Store banner and is trying to reposition itself to target the top 40 per cent of households by income, with a key focus on women aged between 5 and 4.The closure of two Grace Bros stores and the expected closure or conversion of ten more stores into Target or K-Mart stores is well in line with their refocused branding strategy.

4.Organisational Value Drivers

4.1Strategy

Coles Myer is a suffering from the effect of its size. They have tried to combine two strategies which are 'low cost, high volume basic need' and 'speciality retailing'. This resulted in a lack of focus as the company is operating in many market segments under the same strategy. The lack of clear positioning of each their business inevitably caused overlaps in market positions.

4.Leadership

The lack of retailing experience on the board is a drawback.The departure of Solomon Lew left Patty Akopiantz as the only director with retail experience on the board. Constant bickering and politicking among the board members have caused much instability among investors.

4.Staff

Hannen (001) suggested that one of the most important tasks for Coles Myer is too lift staff moral and dismantle the culture of competition between various Coles Myer businesses. Every Coles Myer store operates as a stand alone unit and they often compete for the same market share. This developed a culture of internal rivalry which to a great extent demoralised the staff.

5.The Major Challenges in Altering the Drivers for Shareholder value.

Organisation with the resources, capabilities and culture to operate a strategy is probably more important than the strategy itself. Doyle (000) suggested that delivering strategy depends upon the core competencies of the business. As well as culture and attitude of people in the organisation which ensure that competencies are utilised appropriately.As the issues of staff and leadership have been addressed in the previous section, the following discussions will entail our other perspectives of the major challenges that are critical to Coles Myer shareholder value.

5.1Re-Positioning

The first obvious issue is should Coles Myer continually pursue a 'growth strategy' in trying to reach the illusory target of $800 million net profit by 006. Is it achievable? The answer is very unlikely, since there are limited opportunities for growth in a retail industry where intense competition is the mainstay. Other then the food business, it seems like there non-food businesses are heading south.Myer Grace Bros has already been identified as a cash cow with no growth opportunities.

Taking the Gulf War into account, consumers will be hard press to source for cheaper buys in their retail experience.Most may feel that this in turn may generate sales growth for Target and K-mart.We believe that the sales growth of the two brands will definitely be positive if all things been constant.What we are unsure of is how much cannibalisation will happen.At present, there is no distinct differentiation between Target, K-mart and Myer-Grace Bros.Without any added value, the overall sales curve of Coles-Myer's non-food business will not increase.

Their commitments to the non-food business do create a worrisome issue for their food and liquor businesses.In the process of radical changing the ailing businesses, how much focus will Coles Myer forgo to their food business competitors?We feel that this is a area which needs readdressing.

5.Technology

The implementation of the fully integrated supply chain system must complement their existing way of competing.Other then the lack of comprehension by investors and shareholders, a rollout in technology does require a re-alignment of business strategies.What we do perceive as a major challenge is the size and the diversified interest of the organisation.

To achieve full integration across the company is risky.Though untethered information flow does allow a competitive advantage in supply-chain management, we feel that Coles Myer should consider running different systems for the three brands.This will allow Coles Myer to have greater flexibility when they do decide to sell off any one of the brands.Furthermore, using different systems or vendors will allow Coles Myer to evaluate, contrast and compare on what serves them best in the future.

5.The "Me-Too" Strategy

One of the challenges that Coles Myer will face will be in their attempt to play catch-up to Woolworth in the petrol discount war.As Woolworth's petrol discount scheme has been in place for a long time, Coles Myer will have to present a strong offering to win back the market share lost to their competitor.This may not be easy as consumers will be reluctant to change if the service, location, value and customer loyalty offered by Woolworth is superior.

The End (187 words)

Please note that this sample paper on Coles Myer is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Coles Myer, we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on Coles Myer will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!